Western civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

western sandwich civilization - Essay Exampleal sources such as Exodus, Homers Odyssey and Herodotus represent a distinctively western perspective not just by having elements which resemble western total style of life, but by figureually having generated and shaped western political, social and economic way of life.According to Fanfan (2007), angiotensin-converting enzyme of the indicators of Homers Odyssey being a reflection of western perspective is seen in Agamemnons act of assembling his Greek army to invade other kingdoms such as Thessaly, the Messenians, the Arcadians, the Opeians and the Greeks. To Agamemnon the king of Mycenae, his kingdom was to parcel out through military conquests and treaties. This is in line with the western perspective of international politics and seeking adduce interests which is deeply hegemonic in nature. The hegemonic nature of the western world is exemplified by the occupation of America by the settlers, erstwhile Christopher Columbus discov ered it in 1492, the Scramble and Partition for Africa, colonialism, World War I and II. All these were attempts to continue the strength and interests of a state or a nation-state. The same has not changed even presently, since western countries politic use neocolonialism to economically and socio-politically subjugate developing

Higher Order Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Higher Order Thinking - Essay ExampleThe three lowest levels of taxonomy are knowledge, understanding and application. Three highest levels are analysis, synthesis and evaluation. Analysis has to do with figuring out nearlything on your own, i.e., an undivided cannot be just repeating what he reads or hears. It is seeing how something works. An individual discerns what is connected to what. A educatee gets at why something is happening. During synthesis process, iIf analysis is taking things apart to see what makes them tick, synthesis is putting things together. deduction is solving a problem, making something whole out of a bunch of pieces nobody told you how to put together, or creating or devising something (Bloom, 1956). Evaluation is deciding on your own, and in an informed way, whether something is preferable whether it has merit or worth or whether it is morally right, just, or fair. Personal Meaning is reflection on the personal significance, consequence, or implication of some object of concern. It is important to help students recognize that all concepts are in some way related to one another. This is one reason concept mapping can be a very powerful evaluation tool. The important limitation of Blooms taxonomy is that it is not a system but a model which rationalizes main thinking skills. It does not help to solve problems and develop effectual critical thinking skills. Bloom explains some ideas and the concept of thinking but he does not explain how this model can be and should be applied to real world situations. His main works on taxonomy are Taxonomy of Educational Objectives The Cognitive Dimension (1956). Another model of high order thinking was demonstrable by Robert Marzano. Marzano adopted Blooms taxonomy but added new characteristics to the model. This model consists of 8 characteristics focusing, information gathering, remembering, organizing, analyzing, generating, integrating, evaluating. The ideology of Marzano is based on the idea that When limit is new, students must be guided in relating the new knowledge to what they already know, organizing and accordingly using that new knowledge. Knowledge can be of two roles Declarative (i.e., attributes, rules) or procedural (skills and processes). Items of this type are factual and content-specific (Marzano 1995, p. 87). The main works by Marzano are Dimensions of thinking a framework for syllabus and instruction (1988), Cultivating thinking in English and the language arts (1991), The systematic identification and articulation of content standards and benchmarks (1995). The most recent model based on Blooms taxonomy is Anderson/Krathwohl mode (2000). According to this model, the following levels of thinking last (1) remembering Retrieving, recalling, or recognizing, (2) understanding, (3) applying, (4) analyzing, (5) evaluating, (6) creating. The advantage of this model is that there isare student choice, exploration, or creative challenge. There is cha nce for students to collaborate, develop facility with language, and work with ideas. There is chance for students to write or say what they deeply tuition about. In sum, classrooms are all too teacher dominated, mechanical, and pedestrian for my blood. Whatever gains may result from triumph learning--and, remember the last section, they are significant--too often they are purchased at the expense of pointing us away from what unfeignedly matters in education, that students learn how to take charge of their own learning and growth and empower themselves to live freely. The main problem describes the main stages of thinking but tells little about real life application and connections among these stages (Dettmer, 2006). In spite of limitations and weaknesses these models become a core of modern education helping teachers to construct tests

Analyze and explain the development of healthy relationships Essay

Analyze and explain the development of tidy relationships - Essay ExampleIn this mini-paper, the following ingredients necessity for the development of healthy relationships will be elaborated on (a) Love (b) peachy Communication (c) intentness (d) Trust and (e) Loyalty.Rohn (2010) asserts that love is the basic requirement for a healthy relationship. It is more than just a feeling. It is a commitment to people around us and who mean to us that we will respect them and treat them decently at all costs. A relationship jackpotnot be a fulfilling iodine(a) if we compromise upon respect and dignity. maintain and be respected love and be loved and, this will ensure a satisfying relationship.Good communication waters the plant of a healthy relationship. It requires particular skills to have ones ideas conveyed to the new(prenominal) person and to listen to his ideas patiently. One should try to let the other person know explicitly what one wants without having him solve the puzzl e. Keeping others thinking what the actual problem is will do no good. While communicating, one must be humble and compromising instead of trying to control the other persons thoughts and should be able to give space to his ideas too.Patience is another vital ingredient for a healthy relationship. We must understand that there will be times when our relations will disappoint us and vice versa, and that no person in this world is perfect. We also disappoint others and should expect others to fail us. It is solitaire that maintains a relationship through turmoil. Showing patience to others disagreements shows that we value them and respect their opinion, and this is natural for people to assay relaxed with people who tolerantly listen to them and try to understand the problem patiently. This fosters healthy relationships.When we trust the other person, this mode that we are giving him enough space so that he can pursue his own interests, can make relationships and can do everything he wants without getting ourselves insecure and jealous. When we tell

Labor Union Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Labor Union Relations - Essay ExampleOne should believe that labor unions would not come into existence if the two-tier wage systems are kept at a safe distance from the shores of the organization. This is a classic case of understanding the employees perspectives where the main emphasis is on setting things right and thus make all the employees feel well with the operational policies and standard wage structures. However this hardly happens and the end solving leads up to a good amount of problems for the two tiers, and in essence the employees and labors themselves who feel the pinch in the best of times. More than some(prenominal)thing else, it is the resilience of the organization which is not easily digested by the labor unions which are against the apothegm of having two-tier wage systems in place. This is something that does not go down well with the people at large within the aegis of an organization that has seriously adopted the incorporation of two tiers within its wa ge systems. The element of comeliness or the lack thereof creeps into the equation for all the right reasons. The labor unions usually skirmish for the sake of having a wage system which is based on fairness and does not have any problems for all and sundry.

Performance Appraisal, Diversity Management, And Employee Essay

Performance Appraisal, Diversity Manage workforcet, And Employee troth - Essay ExampleThe leaders of the organization are the key to the success of any organization. They who set the goals, designate the mission and vision and work with the employees to get the objectives completed. The problem that the company is facing is due to the lack of lead qualities shown by the leader and non-satisfactory part played by the managers in performing their roles. Lets aim some of the problems that are found in the company Like the case study tells us, most of the natural covering level and middle-level anxiety positions are occupied by etiolate men who share confusable interests. This gives an idea that the organization is in control of the blank men, and decisions are taken by them. When even white middle managers would spend time with the white top-level managers, the minority groups in the company would smack cut unwrap and would generally blame the management of favoring the white s even if this wasnt true. So by not having a several(a) top management force, the perception of the minority groups becomes biased. (Ely & Thomas, 2001) The minority groups are complaining slightly the incorrect and unfounded performance appraisals through. They received lesser points when compared to other white employees and for this very reason, their accusations of contrariety have become certain. Although the management may not be discriminatory and performance appraisal is done solely on merit, but due to the managements negative attitude towards the minorities, any appraisal done is looked from a diminutive look.... This gives an idea that the organization is in control of the white men, and decisions are taken by them. When even white middle managers would spend time with the white top level managers, the minority groups in the company would feel cut out and would generally blame the management of favoring the whites even if this wasnt true. So by not having a diverse top management force, the perception of the minority groups becomes biased. (Ely & Thomas, 2001)2. Injustices to the Minority Groups The minority groups are complaining well-nigh the incorrect and unjustified performance appraisals done. They received lesser points when compared to other white employees and for this very reason their accusations for discrimination have become certain. Although the management may not be discriminatory and performance appraisal is done solely on merit, but due to the managements negative attitude towards the minorities, any appraisal done is looked from a critical look. (Ely & Thomas, 2001)3. Lack of Knowledge and Trained Human Resource StaffThe company has a HR team however the team hasnt been able to fulfill its responsibilities as yet. Not enough knowledge is imparted to the employees about employee appraisal and diversity at the work place which is turning the company into a non-diverse white men company. Such a company can only be successful to an extent since diversity brings in new challenges and with it, it brings creativity. (French, 2006)4. No Motivation for Minority GroupsMinority groups are not finding any endangerment on their sides. They see no benefits for working and hence some have even resigned from their jobs. Since there is no encouragement, motivation, rewards and appreciation

Forcasting Stratigy for Power Tool Industry Essay

Forcasting Stratigy for Power Tool sedulousness - Essay ExampleThe strategies of the troupe to drive themselves in to future success are Innovation, Structural toll Improvements, Cash Generation and Stewardship of Capital. The Innovation to end-users was the critical strategy for this company. The companys in the buff-product machine was the innovative solution of the company which enabled them to achieve extremely loyal end-users as well as benefited their distribution partners to serve a broad range of channels. The companys product vital force index remains above 35 percent. While reducing costs of manufacturing and selling and general judgeship costs filled the cost improvement and cash generation strategies, the acquiring of Vector products Inc manufacturing consumer former movable products and the buyback of the shares represented their strategy of stewardship of capital. (Black & Decker 2006 Annual Report)This company places its strength on the industry leadership in b attery and charger technology with its LXT Lithium-Ion battery and charger system. The first cordless drill was introduced by the company nearly 30 years ago. Manufacturing innovative cordless tools with designs to allow the users all the convenience cordless offers without sacrificing the power or efficiency of a corded tool is the place strategy for this company. The advancement achieved in push back technology is also another draw strength. (Makita web site)2.3 BoschWith over 1000 different products this company offers a broad product range catering to the building trade, industry and do-it-yourselfers. Wide product range is the key strength of this company. The company has also made its presence felt in the cordless power tools with its products alike cordless screw drivers, piercing saws and hammer drills. The long-term strategy of Bosch is to generate approximately half of their gross sales in the Americas and Asia and the other half in the European market. Diversification is the central theme of the strategic prey of Bosch to make the company less vulnerable to fluctuations in individual industries. (Bosch groundwork Page)2.4 Porter CableThe key strength of Porter cable is their range of products which meets different range of customers. They manufacture tools for every customer new home construction to building maintenance and from farms to major wood-working. Similarly they supply to all classes of customers from professionals to casual weekenders. Power, agility, responsiveness and perfect performance is at the root of the porter cables product strength. With a view to take the strategic advantage of marketing, Pentair Inc the owner of Porter Cable tools had agreed to sell all its tools brands to Black & Decker. (Porter Cable Home page)3.0 Developing a Strategic Forecasting for Able CorporationThere can be no strategic planning without forecasting. The ultimate objective of strategic planning is to determine what the company should be in the fu ture what markets to compete in, with what products, to be successful and grow. To answer these

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Assignment - Essay ExampleIn this case, managing an IT teleph unrivaledr requires one to have circumspection functions such change management, budgeting, controlling, and organizing unique aspects of technology. The main purpose of IT management is to insure that a firm is utilizing IT resources effectively and efficiently. The management team sets goals and objectives that align with technology. Unlike management in new(prenominal) functions, technology plays a crucial role in IT management. Management of other functions do non assign in a specific field. The management team employ solely resources of the organization to grow from one level of growth to another. The management team creates a strong organization culture that encourages employees from all departments to acquire the set goals and objectives. The main purpose of other management is to ensure that a firm utilize all resources in all discipline. The management of other functions enables managers and leaders to ev aluate the firms external and interior(a) situation and further take actions to prevent future failure. 2. What did Barton learn from his trip to the bookstore and late night of studying? In his trip to the bookstore and late night of studying, Barton learnt that one has to have adequate skills in all fields of operation. As highlighted by Austin, Richard, and Shannon (12), Barton knew nothing about IT management. In his late night of studying, he wondered whether all managers were experts in technology. Barton was quarreld by the team he was with since they had been doing IT in their entire career. The team had adequate skills and abilities to get by every challenge that emerged in IT. Barton wondered whether the team understood that he lacked skills and expertise in the field of IT. From his trip, Barton learnt that IT management is different from management of other functions. He established the need to have adequate skills in IT and utilize resources in the organization. Bar ton realized that some people are more talented in some specialist than other people. It was clear to him that, there some people who are smarter than him, but lack interest in performing the work he does. 3. Why did Bartons collision with senior IT operations staff not go as he planned? Batons meeting with Senior IT operations staff did not go as he planned because he had no idea to create a establishment or a solution in the field of IT. After the morning discussion and meeting with Ruben, Barton believed that the meeting was crucial area of IT management. Despite having a strong desire to lead the IT department, he encountered serious challenges that he never expected. In the meeting, he would ask Jenny, his assistant to provide him with IT organizational chart. During the meeting, Barton could not remember whatsoever of his goals to his plan. Barton pointed that he require five people in the off site. He encountered a big challenge to support his plan. He depended on other m embers suggestions and agreed on their contribution. Barton could not fit well in the meeting, since he lacked adequate skills in IT. It seemed to him that the members in meeting made the situation difficult. 4. Why the IT organization is structure the way it is? IT organization is structured the way it is because technology is moving at a high pace. IT specialists should be equipped with new skills and abilities every century. As technology advances at a high rate, there is a strong need of having experts that will solve problems that emerge. An IT organization i

An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility in UK Firms Dissertation

An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility in UK Firms - Dissertation Example some other than the seek design, studies need to provide an understanding of the research rationale, sample and sampling procedure, info and collection methods, as well as the data analysis process. The following chapter provides a deeper analysis of the methodology employed in conducting this survey. Research Design Approach Research studies take the form of qualitative, quantitative, or both. Whereas quantitative designs use numerical data, qualitative designs use non-numerical data and information to make analysis towards achieving the aim of the study. In order to find out the objectives of this research, a combination of both qualitative and quantitative research approaches was employed. On the one hand, the study use available research data on the subject of CSR policy and performance among major corporations in the UK. In order to identify a sample space to draw information from, a recent r esearch by Highfliers Research (2011) on the Top 100 Graduate Employers in the UK for the family 2011 and 2012 was used. Secondary data and information regarding CSR in admiration to UK firms provided a good foundation and basis for conducting a detailed analysis hence conclusions and recommendations. Apart from the use of secondary data especially the research study conducted by Highfliers Research (2011), the study also collected additional information and data from the available literature that addresses the concepts and aspects of CSR with respect to UK firms. Such literatures formed the bigger part of the literature review section. detail information obtained from the various literatures included the CSR policy frameworks as well as performance of UK firms in respect to the same strategic move. The literatures... The research selects three firms, Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury and uses them to represent the entire population. These firms are UK-based and of late film been seen a s very successful in respect to CSR policies and performances. The sampling method that was used was the stratified sampling, which involves selecting specific firms that have heard significant impact, whether positive or negative, on the business environment on the basis of the progeny under discussions. The three firms formed the case studies that needed to be analyzed in order to arrive at the conclusion. However, there were information and data required regarding the clients perception on the firms CSR policies and performances. Again, it was unwieldy to conduct interviews on all the clients of the three firms. Consequently, 150 clients were selected randomly and a semi-structured interview was performed on them identifying for the first time the firm of choice and then their views on the CSR policies as well as performances. As much as we praise the importance of CSR practices to the organisation, the ultimate effectiveness of such practices is best felt by the public. It is true that interviewing senior corporate managers can serve good in understanding the environment underpinning their CSR policies. Nevertheless, this option is both alternative consuming and might be subject to faked information as managers strive to safeguard their business secrets. On the other hand however, company clients are more open in airing their views on businesses and their practices

Consumer law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Consumer police - Essay ExampleOne of the problems, which will be analyzed using ordinary Product Safety Regulations (GPSR) 2005 for guaranteed safety of a carrefour bought will do with Kingsley purchasing a sumptuousness coffee machine for Miriams mother from Home Appliances Limited (HAL). There is also the courtship of Kingsley, spicy the services of Ben to provide a specified kind of wallpaper for his room, which had been advertise on television. Under the sales event of Goods Act, 1979, a buyer is entitled and has the right to receiving exactly what he or she prefers from a seller2 but it turns break that this is non what happened to Kingsley. In the last case, which talks ab protrude Consumer Protection Act, Kingsley had gone to purchase a dog, which was advertised to be a pedigree dog. The dog was also said to be a very congenial dog that would make a wonder companion of the family as a family pet. However, two months after buy the dog, it turns out that the dog is not a pedigree but a crossbreed turning out to be a very dangerous dog. LUXURY COFFEE MACHINE As part of consumer law and practice and by statutes in the General Product Safety Regulations, 2005, consumers are given maximum apology from defective products, such that the mere fact that a consumer shows that a product was faulty and thus caused molest should be enough to guarantee a substantiated claim3. Before, consumers had to prove negligence by the manufacturers of the products before their claims could be substantiated4. In relation to the case of the purchased made by Kingsley, it would be noted that the safety of the product purchase was not fully guaranteed because it caused both(prenominal) damage and harm. The product became damaged in the course of its usage, whiles the user of the product suffered visible harm. Clearly, the level of damage caused is only possible in electrical appliances that have faults because of the level of hotness that was recorded5. In Abouzaid v. Mothercare (UK) Ltd., 2001, claimants mother purchased a Cosytoes sleeping bag, which was designed to be attached to a childs pushchair with elastic straps but whiles fixing the product with his mother, one of the elastic straps slipped and lashed back, causing permanent sum damage to the user. Though the claim of damages in negligence was overruled by the court, it was held that Mothercare Ltd was still liable on a lower floor the Consumer Protection Act strict liability provision because defect in the product is always a major consideration over the level of care exercised by the consumer and in the case of defect in the product, exercise of care may not necessarily protect the manufacturer from ensuring that there are no defects with their products6. Based on the case law available and the binding legislation, a number of considerations will be made when giving advice for the case of Kingsley and Miriam. In the first place, the fact that the product purchased is electrical equi pment means that the case comes under the range of goods covered by safety regulations. Secondly, safety regulations are binding on both new and second hand products and so the product is also covered in this case. Specifically, the fact that the lavishness coffee machine caused damage and harm by becoming excessively hot means that the product was not well insulated7. Meanwhile, under both the General Product Safety Regulations (2005) and Consumer Protection Act, 1987, it is required that electrical equipm

Zara Retailing Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Zara Retailing Analysis - Essay ExampleKey militant favor Among of Zaras competitive returns are its manpower and human resource management. It is noted that 80% of its employees were engaged in retail sales in stores and 8.5% were involved in manufacturing, design, logistics, distribution, and the remaining were part of headquarters activities. This only implies that Zara is good at optimizing its full operation especially on its supply chain management. Zara is also aggressive in its expansion broadcast ingesting that 80% of its capital expenditures is appropriated to new store openings, 19% on refurbishing and 10% on logistics. This is one of its competitive advantages because its renowned external competitors are not that aggressive in their expansion program. Zara is also known to consider great savings on employment. It tries to gain more in its manpower expenses by choosing personnel with firm experience in the clothing industry but with a relatively cheap labor. This i s one of the reasons wherefore Zara is generating much competitive income in its operations compared to its competitors. The three international leading competitors of Zara are the Gap from the unify States, Hennes & Mauritz from Sweden, and Be wageton from Italy. Geographically speaking, it is an advantage for Zara because apparel disposal in 2000 is higher in Europe which is 34%, and followed by the United States which is 29% and in Asia which is 23% (Case 32 Zara Fast fashion). Zara is based in Europe and this is an advantage on its part because of its proximity in the profitable market for apparel in the world. The proximity is an advantage because this has something to do with other strategic advantage when it comes to culture and understanding customers necessitate at the deepest level. In fact, it is in line with this that Zara has continuous innovation based on customers desires. Inditexts financial comparison Shown in Table 1 are some of the indicators of the financial p erformance of Inditex, Be lastton, H&M, and Gap. Gap has the highest net in operation(p) revenue among the three other retailing companies which is an indication that it may all has more retail outlets than the other or it is really at its best in stimulating needs or demand for its product offerings. Next to Gap is H&M followed by Inditex and finally Benetton. The net revenue can be an indication of market share and in this case, Inditex is not far easy the Gap and H&M. The same trend goes on from gross profit margin until operating efficiency. The operating efficiency is the operating expenses as a percentage of net operating revenues. The above indicators are not enough to tell which among of the four companies have higher profitability. When it comes to profitability, Inditex is more profitable compared to Gap, H&M and Benetton. Inditex has 10.5% net profit margin which is an indication that it has substantially generated more profits. This is the effect of maximizing its ope ration and resources. In fact, its PPE (property, works and equipment) as percentage of net operating revenue is also higher than the other retailing companies. This is some other indication that Inditex has substantially maximized its operation and resources to the fullest compared to the other retailing companies. Table 1. Financial performance of Inditex and its three international competitors in operation(p) results ( Millions) Gap H&M Benetton Inditex Net operating revenue 15,559 4,269 2,098 3,250 Gross margin 4,656 2,204 909 1,687 Operating efficiency 27.4% 37.8% 29.7% 30.2% Net profit margin -0.05% 9.6% 7.1% 10.5% PPE (% of net operating revenue 30.2% 15.9% 34.3% 37.8% Zaras fast chemical reaction model Zaras fast response model contributes to its competitive advantage. The market for young

Business Loans at Samba Bank Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Loans at trip the light fantastic toe bevel - investigate Paper ExampleThey hold assisted these individuals with the finances and the loan schemes which were more refining than any new(prenominal) Saudi bank building. Being the first private Saudi Bank, they managed to build a strong customer kinship and is known as one of the most trusted confidants of the elites wealth in Saudia. Their banking alliance consists of the relationship manger, a personal advisor and understands and advises the individuals in the protection and the growth of the portfolio of the assets. They have some pureness winning investment and wealth management experts who ar working closely with the relationship manager and are known to every minute detail of the account. However they are confidential and trusted advisors, who provide the set apart winning services to their clients. trip the light fantasticDiamond, Samba Gold, Ladies Banking, Alkhair Personal Loan, Alkhair Home Loan are some o f the many finance and loans opportunities provided by Samba Bank at a personal level. Due to the high success number and solid groundable interest targets where the turnover of the bank is also very high. Due to its long taradiddle with high success and confidentiality rate, Samba Bank saw a lot of investors trusting Samba with their money. This is the reason primarily why Samba was shortlisted in the Top Ten Safest Banks of the Middle east and ranked at number four. The top ten worlds safest banks 2011 in the Middle East list includes bailiwick Bank of Abu Dhabi at the top ladder followed by the National Bank of Kuwait, Qatar National Bank, Samba fiscal Group (Saudi Arabia), National Commercial Bank (Saudi Arabia), tie for ranking number six between Al-Rajhi Bank (Saudi Arabia), Riyad Bank (Saudi Arabia), Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank, Kuwait Finance House and Saudi British Bank (Saudi Arabia). (Saudi Arabia hosts 5 show up of 10 safest banks in ME - Arab News ) Keeping in mind the trust and high turnover rate generated by Samba Bank in the personal banking, it introduced the loans schemes in the corporate sector as intumesce which turned out to be equally successful. It is one of the largest providers of Corporate Banking financial products and strives to set a agonistic edge which will help it get differentiated from the competitors. Thanks to the differentiated financial banking and the advisory services, Samba Bank has been able to build a very strong relationship with the government public, private sectors. The primitive focus of the bank is to empower the stock owners to pay more attention to their business rather than the bank. Hence, Samba has introduced a number of loans and finances schemes on a commercial level which helps in the achievement of the slender success. It extends a helping hand to those businesses especially which have the potential but not the resources to grow and expand. Therefore, several(prenominal) options like working ca pital and long/short term loans fulfil the financing needs of the business owners. Some of the loans which are provided by Samba Bank include Working Capital Loans. Contract & exteriorise Financing. Investment Loans. Islamic Financing Products. For the convenience of the business owners, there is the online corporate banking facility provided by the Bank so that they can access their account information online as well as view, download or print the information of their accounts as per the requirements. There are ecertain products provided as well as the financing schemes which have been designed with the requirement of the Islamic Banking. These products as well as services have been established

Design a Trussed Bridge to Measure Strength to weight ration Essay

Design a Trussed Bridge to Measure Strength to weightiness ration - strain ExampleDesign a Trussed Bridge to Measure Strength to weight rationIn this design competition, dickens models of Warren bandage (Bridge A and Bridge B) are presented. The aim of the competition is to hand over an analytical approach to the twain design by subjecting the prototypes to damaging bereavements. In the designs of Bridge A and connect B, scientific principles, mathematical tools, and engineering concepts are considered. Experimental testing gave the results as follows Bridge A with a mass of 0.1892 Kg and 0.3m supports a mass of 25.251Kg, whereas Bridge B with a mass of 0.2003 Kg back up a mass of 5.729 Kg. 1. Introduction Bridges are solutions to complex puzzles. They help in overcoming common problems presented by rivers and lakes. Application of basic engineering principles results in the design of a model to mimic the actual span structures. The best bridge structure the one knowing t o be most efficient, elegant, and safest (Cronn-Mills 215). A truss is a common and basic design in bridge structures. It is a compilation of straight members organized to remove any consignment to entire structure (Zureick 51). The design used here in the Warren truss (Figure 1). Figure 1 Truss Bridge Geometry Materials Common truss bridge are from steel. However, in cases of token(prenominal) fill up wooden truss bridges are used. When shrewd a bridge from any substantive, material stress is calculated. (Kappos 70). When the stress value is too high then the designer remains with only two options increasing cross sectional area of the structure or redesign the geometry to allow even dispersal of loads (Cronn-Mills 252). Either of the choice has a negative impact on the structure. Increasing cross sectional area ordain increase the weight of the structure to the truss (Zureick 52). (Zureick 52). This might cause more geometric problems leading to poor performance of the b ridge structure (Jurado 103). On the other hand, redesigning the geometry introduces more connections, which increases the possible failure points (Zureick 52). Objectives The main objective of the bridge design task is to design a final prototype bridge structure that can support heavy loads before undergoing damaging failure. Two structures are designed with the same material but in different ways. (i) Bridge A is designed with more trigon structures and a combination of both hole cylindrical and rectangular members in the structure. (ii) Bridge B is designed with less triangular structures and larger cross section area than bridge B. It uses only the rectangular hollow members in the entire structure. Truss Loads There are three types of loads all bridges must withstand, the dead loads, live loads, and dynamic loads (Zureick 53).. (i) Dead Load The weight due to the bridge structure is the dead load. It comprises of the weight of truss members, gusset plates, and road deck (Kapp os 71). Dead loads will not change during the life span of the bridge. This load can be computed by computing the weight of one truss member. (ii) Live Load This is the weight due to things moving over the bridge. Live loads are temporarily on the bridge and changes from time to time (Zureick 53). (iii) Dynamic Load Temporary load tends to perturb the bridge structure for a short time. Such load includes wind load acting against the side faces of the truss (Jurado 111). It results in the truss experiencing a drag force. 2. Methodology 2.1. Model Bridge designing Bridge A and bridge B are designed

Japanese tariff on imported rice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

japanese tariff on imported rice - look into Paper ExampleThese policies were modified sequentially thereafter until early 1980s when, as a force of pressure from Trading partners such as US made them open up rice borders. For instance, calcium rice producers in 1986 filed a petition to the government of United States under section 301 of the constitution that the policies of Japan were detrimental to the industry. During this time, Japan was imposing a subsidy of up to $2,200 per metric ton to domestic producers in Japan. As a result, the subsidies were about 10 times the World prices (Bergsten, Fred, Ito, & Noland, 2001).A tariff is a levied value on the imports that raise effectively the cost of the goods imported in relation to the domestic products. Some circumstantial tariffs are imposed as a charge that is fixed for very unit of imported good. In tariffs, there are entities that lose and those that gains. In more general terms, the state in most cases amplifications sign ificantly since tariffs increases the revenue of the state. In addition, domestic producers gain since the tariff offers them protection against external competitors by cost increase of the foreign goods imported. As a result, consumer loses since they must pay extra for the imports. Thus, tariffs are anti-consumer and pro-producer, and they reduce the global aptitude of the economy (Bergsten, Fred, Ito, & Noland, 2001).As part of the policy introduced by the government, imports on rice have been banned by the government in Japan except the processed forms. In the same regard, disproportionate governing pledge wielded by rice farmers production of rice has been subsidized. Trade friction between US and Japan has worsened. Tokyo logical basis on imposing such policies is to attain self-sufficiency in the production for food security reasons. In the same vein, farm groups domestically have maintained that market-gardening of rice is part of their cultural diversity. Hayami (1988) a rgued that consumers of rice

Lincoln electric case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lincoln electric case study - taste ExampleManagers respect the production workers. They ar also respected and valued for their contribution to the companys business. The fact that the workers contribution is no less than that of the focusing towards the growth of the organisation is recognise and acknowledged by each of its member. Decentralized approach has made it possible even for the workers to challenge the management in case of wrong and unfair decisions. They can voice their opinion in case they recover that a certain decision taken by the management is unfair, or likely to bring shun effects on the organisation. Most of the workers are fresh pass-outs from schools when they are absorbed by the organisation and are provided the required training to perform various functions. Some of them are promoted to the position of executives because Lincoln believes in promoting employees from indoors the organisation and not from outside.The major reasons that can be attributed t o the success of Lincoln are its quality standards and its responsibity towards its workers. twain these aspects have gone a long way to make this brass extremely successful. The company focuses generally on the welfare of its employees and their performance levels automatically improve. Workers are paid according to the piece rate system and rewarded for their performance. It is strictly ensured that they exceed their performance goals in order to achieve maximum pay. They are encouraged to depute in their best efforts and rewarded accordingly. This company provides so much support to its employees that it has become their second home which veto them from leaving the company.Success of the organization in United States called for the process of diversifying its roles in foreign countries. Lincoln dogged to purchase a number of plants in Japan, South America and also in some of the European countries. It

Terrorism and anti-terrorism laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Terrorism and anti-terrorism laws - Essay ExampleThe most prominent compounding of the war Measures Act, Canadian security certificate program, and Canadas own Anti-Terrorism Act provides a stable and hard anti-terrorist legal framework in the democracy. However, the Canadian Anti-Terrorism Act functions as the most powerful element of this framework.The Canadian Anti-Terrorism Act extends the legal sphere of the war measures mechanism. Canada has fought wars with the United States and also it had remainders with the Native Indian populations on accepted occasions. During the World War II, Canada participated in several military operations in Europe and Asia-Pacific region. During Cold War, tensions regarding the countrys internal security concerns often surfaced. Hence, formulating the Anti-Terrorism Act in response to the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks was thought-provoking but not impossible.Technically, this Act extends the powers of the institutions and the Government athwart the countrys security establishment so that they can address, combat, and diminish the threat of terror. The Act has some most important law enforcement process at focus. These are pre-emptive detention, extended surveillance, investigative hearing, pr in timetive arrest, and stringent sentencing. Thus, it is highly similar to the USA PATRIOT Act, which was passed after the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks. (Canadian Legal Information Institute, 2012)It has been already mentioned that although Canadas past has been relatively peaceful, the countrys involvement in several important greater international conflicts cannot be ignored. Like World War II and Cold War, Canada got involved in the War on Terror too. And like the previous conflicts, this conflict too called for certain specific and special arrangements.Terrorism has its peculiar dynamics. Since it is not direct warfare and even terrorist states enjoy diplomatic immunity in the modern society, it may prove to be more parlous in the sense of psychological effect. And in the

INndividual Assignment 5 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

INndividual Assignment 5 - Article standardProducts and services can be spread to others through status posts and pictures, thus the advertising companies get the dispatch ground of passive advertising at a very low cost (88). For example, in the global favor adequate networking website Facebook, large companies to a faultk the advantage of both interacting with their consumers as well as getting their feedback and photos of the product to gain a wider range of audience. The more people like their varlets, it is correlated with many people becoming more alive(predicate) of their products, which spells as a success in their advertising campaign in Facebook. Using this network in advertising products can be an effective strategy in the promotion of new products and showcasing best-selling items to others, which is why many companies were already on this bandwagon of advertising by making their own product page cognize among network users.Many companies created their own pages in the social networking giant, and a blog post in 2010 shows which companies and products gained the or so number of likes among its users (Porterfield). The blog explains the successful marketing strategies of the top 10 Facebook product pages, two of which, Red atomic number 29 Page (ranked number 1) and The Twilight Saga Page (ranked number 9) would be discussed here. First is how Red Bull was able to gain top rank in 2010 for number of likes, which was accomplished by numerous interactive think in the page such as games and video-uploads, as well as the use of attention-grabbing images for fans to like their page (Porterfield). The company did not use too many texts, but rather focused on seminal advertising so as to grab the attention of social networking users. Because Red Bull removed the complexities of too much reading and instead used interactive and creative strategies of gaining the interest of internet citizens, they were able to gain many fans and rank number one in the list. Red Bull as an energy deglutition is not a

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder Essay Example for Free

hypoactive inner Desire trouble oneself EssayOne of the great things about being a human is having the knowledgeable craving to be intimate with another psyche. Many consider having the passion for intimateity is the driving stick behind human behavior, but for some, this passion is non-existent. The purpose of this essay is to examine knowledgeable dysfunction, particularly a disorder called Hypoactive familiar Desire swage (HSDD). HSDD is the deficiency or the absence of familiar fantasies or the desire for cozy activity, which ultimately wizard to distress or interpersonal difficulty amongst a person (Maserejian et al. , 2010). Communication problems, anger, a lack of trust, connection and intimacy lavatory all adversely affect a womans sexual response and interest (Burman 2001). It is said sexual dysfunction is due to unique orgasms, low levels of arousal and sexual excite custodyt (Basson 2006). In a relationship, it is normal behavior for women to engage in s ex and to crave emotional closeness with their partner. In a study by Womens health across the Nation (SWAN), 6 cities in 6 countries were surveyed.It was found 40 percent of women reported they infrequently or never felt sexual desire (Basson 2006). It is evident there are many ways to look at the potential catchs of Hypoactive internal Desire Disorder (HSDD). Throughout this paper, the following sources bequeath be conversed specifically the psychosocial state, which refers to the minds capability to develop and interrelate with a social environment. traumatic incidents and emotional issues are two factors that set up also be linked to sexual dysfunctions throughout adulthood. Studies convey nipper abuse is one of the biggest factors that survive up to sexual dysfunction in adulthood. This abuse jakes be linked to dysfunctions physically, emotionally and intellectually to oneself. A great with child abuse, depression and worry most frequently become the outcome of such act, which are other factors that lead up to HSDD. Today, HSDD is under thorough question to conclude much defined answers for this disorder.Nonethe slight, the purpose of this paper is to examine Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) specifically the psychosocial causes such as anxiousness, child abuse and depression. Having the lack of desire for intimacy can be caused by a persons emotional state of mind. When a person has a ostracise view towards sex due to forward experiences, it heavily affects their outlook on sex in the large run. Anxiety occurs when a person is triggered by stress and those who are anxious usually negative self-talk, a habit of telling oneself the worst-case scenario. One who has HSDD feels a high form of anxiety towards sex due to insecurities or dysfunctions they feel anxious about. When one carries heavy anxiety towards sexuality and intimacy, it weakens their desire for sex. Self-esteem can be related to the development of anxiety. Moreover, t raumatic incidents, sexual abuse and depression can also lead to the cause of HSDD.In a study done at a University at the Sexual Behavioral Clinics, some(prenominal) answers were found. In this case study, the ideal size was 145 adults without sexual dysfunctions and 198 adults with sexual dysfunctions. All of these individuals were married straight person couples amidst the ages of 25-68 years of age (McCabe 2005). Researchers were able to categorize adults with sexual dysfunction into six groupings, these include premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, male lack sexual desire, female inorgasmia, female lack of arousal, and female lack of sexual desire (McCabe 2005). Researchers hypothesize coital anxiety is the main result of sexual dysfunction with their partners. It is believed anxiety causes a damper on most spouses relationships due to constant fear on inability to perform sexually, which needfully causes tension between couples due to anxiety (McCabe 2005). Throug hout this study, it was also found that anxiety created depressive symptoms between sexually dysfunctional adults. A potential effect for the depressive symptoms lead to less fulfil sexual activities with a partner, create individuals to turn to a more reliable way of pleasure, masturbation (McCabe 2005).All in all, high levels of anxiety can affect the intimacy of a relationship. More specifically, the constant fear focused on the inability to perform sexually or fear caused by past slips causes strong tension between couples, which allows anxiety to grow. There is always room for research and McCabe (2005) believes more investigation on the personal effects of anxiety and HSDD can be done in order to fully understand the disorder. The events that take place during childishness needfully shape a person in adulthood. One of the main causes for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder can be linked to a previous history of child abuse. Traumatic experiences as a child can strongly affe ct the psychosocial development of an individual. According to Webster Dictionary, Psychosocial is the relation between social conditions and kind health (Webster). Traumatic events during childishness can lead to a dysfunction called sexual desire disorder. Flashbacks of the event in childhood can occur for several years and continuously stay with the individual long term.A sexual desire disorder can frighten an individual in having any desire to be intimate or sexually active with anyone. A study conducted by Myriam S Denov (2004) examines individuals who were previous victims of sexual abuse as a child. This study involves a sample size of 14 victims, 7 male and 7 female. However, this sample size could potentially pose a threat to the external rigour of this study because it represents individuals would that face female-perpetrated sexual abuse. The data was collected by several questions and interviews throughout a six-month period. Victims were consulted before screening i n order to find the most precise answers. The aim of the study displays the long-term negative effects these victims carried after their traumatic experiences. Denov (2004) found that victims of childhood abuse were in less satisfying relationships with their partner sexually and emotionally.Respondents also reported long-term difficulties with substance abuse, self-injury, depression, strained relationships with partners and discomfort with sex (Denov 2004). specifically with male respondents, common results for the study include arousal dysfunctions and fear of sex with women. Specifically for females, those who experienced childhood sexual abuse demonstrated lack of pleasure or satisfaction from sexual encounters (Denov 2004). It is evident childhood sexual abuse strongly effects adulthood developing a fear of sex, arousal dysfunctions, sexual inhibition and lack of pleasures by sexual encounters (Denov 2004). All in all, all these factors can strongly lead to a dissatisfying se xual relationship with a partner. Depression adversely affects every aspect of an individuals life, including our relationships. When depression occurs between sexual encounters, it can heavily affect the relationship negatively (Lykins 2006). When one suffers depression, a lost of interest in sexual activities can occur and evidently minimizes a couples desire for intimacy (Lykins 2006).This can be shameful because intimacy, closeness and support can be curative for an individual suffering depression. Some studies have linked depression with a decrease in sexual activity but others have reported an increase. In Lykins (2006) study, 663 females college-aged students answered questions regarding the effects of anxious and depressed mood on sexual interest and arousal. These respondents completed trait measures of sexual excitation and depression. It was discovered depressive symptoms tend to possess a greater desire in sexual activities for these women, mostly gearing towards mastur bation (Lykins 2006). It was found that depressive symptoms lead to less satisfying sexual activities with an encounter. Moreover, respondents turned to masturbation because it was more reliable then pleasure.In this study, a versatile discovered was that propensity for sexual excitation was the strongest predictor for women between depression and sex (Lykins 2006). Furthermore, depressive woman had the strongest trend to perform risky and compulsive sexual behavior or develops sexual dysfunction. Along with this study, another sample were 339 college-aged men where some also developed depression throughout their adolescents. When men were compared to woman for those suffering in depression, men carried much stronger desires for sexual interest during these mood states. Unfortunately, there are a number of factors that put the accuracy of this study. One of which those with clinical depression were not considered. Furthermore, to ensure reliability of the study, these issues can be looked that to ensure accuracy for this topic.As mentioned through this paper, there are numerous factors that could be linked to Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD). HSDD is the deficiency or the absence of sexual fantasies or the desire for sexual activity, which ultimately lead to distress or interpersonal difficulty among a person (Maserejian et al., 2010). This disorder can most certainly be a damper on relationships with a partner. Anxiety correlates to HSDD when the individual develops a fear of sexual relations and insecurities towards their sexual performance (McCabe, 2005).It is apparent child abuse is a considerable factor which causes one to develop HSDD. Denov (2006) had found that traumatic events as a childhood can lead to dysfunctions and can lack sexual desires for any encounters. Additional research is needed to answer all questions between HSDD and depression. This evidently can help complete analysis and fill the gap between the two factors. An feeler that could be made within all the studies is bigger sample sizes in order to achieve more accurate information. A final suggestion for future and more precise research would be the effects of sexual desire in relation to males, as many of the studies are geared towards female participants.ReferencesBasson, R. (2006). Sexual desire and arousal disorders in women. The new england journal o f medicine, 354, 1497-1506. Retrieved from http//www.obgyn.uab.edu/medicalstudents/obgyn/uasom/documents/September/SEXDYSF.pdfBerman , J. (2001). For women only A revolutionary guide to reclaiming your sex life . New York, NY Henry Holt and Co.Denov, M. (2004). The long-term effects of child sexual abuse by female perpetrators. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19(10), 1137-1156. Retrieved from http//jiv.sagepub.com/content/19/10/1137.full.pdf hypertext mark-up languageMaserejian, N. (2010). The presentation of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women. International Society for Sex ual Medicine, 7(10), 3438-3448. Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20646184McCabe, M. (2005). The role of performance anxiety in the development and maintenance of sexual dysfunction in men and women. International journal of stress management, 12(4), 379-388. Retrieved from http//psycnet.apa.org/journals/str/12/4/379.pdfPsychosocial. 2013. In Merriam-Webster.com.Retrieved Feb 4, 2011, from http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/psychosocial

Holocaust & The Japanese-American Internment Essay Example for Free

Holocaust The Nipponese-American Internment EssayHumanity. It is disconcerting to think about what we the humans have done to our own race. All because we believe in exhausting to find a difference such(prenominal) as our ethnicity, intellect, or looks to try to find how we are improve than some. Hitler did this to the Jews as he wanted the world to have the Aryan race with the Holocaust, and America did this to the Nipponese during the Japanese impoundment. The Holocaust and the Japanese internment are very different from one another yet they are both very similar to for each one other. The Holocaust was the systematic mass slaughter of Jews and other groups deemed insufficient by the national socialists.The Holocaust began when Adolf Hitler, the fascist leader of Germany that would lead the world into World War II. He and his followers proclaimed that the Germanic people, or Aryans, were better so others and targeted the Jews as the cause of all previous failures Ger many had made. In 1935 the Nazis passed the Nuremberg laws that deprived Jews their rights to German citizenship and forbade marriages between Jews and non-Jews. More laws came to the Jews as well later, even limiting what kinds of works that Jews could do.However, the accompaniment began to worsen with the Kristallnacht, otherwise known as Night of Broken Glass. When 17-year-old Herschel Grynszpan, a German Jewish youthfulness visiting an uncle in Paris, shot a German diplomat living in Paris, wishing to revenge his fathers deportation from Germany to Poland, the Nazis retaliated with a violent attack on the Jewish community. On November 9, Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues across Germany, murdering about 100 Jews in the process. After Kristallnacht, many Jews saw that military group against them was only going to increase resulting in several German Jews to flee the country.Hitler first favored the transportation as a solution to what he du bbed as the Jewish problem, just now the other countries such as the United States, France, and Britain, stopped the constant immigration of German Jews after admitting tens of thousands. Another plan was put into pitch when Hitler discovered he couldnt get rid of the Jewish problem by emigration and so he began to isolate them. He isolated the Jews by having them move to designated cities where they would be herded into desolate, overcrowded ghettos, segregated Jewish areas.By isolating the Jews in solemn conditions, the Nazis hoped they would either starve to death, or die from disease. This process went by as well slowly, however, thus causing Hitler to take a more direct approach. His plan, the Final Solution, would lead to about vi million innocent peoples deaths. The killings began as units from the SS moved from town to town hunting surmount Jews across Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Together, the SS and their allies rounded up men, women, children, and sometimes b abies to isolated spots. The SS would then shoot the people into pits which later became their graves.Jewish communities that were not taken by the SS were taken to concentration camps were Hitler believed that the horrible conditions of these camps would speed the total elimination of the Jews. The prisoners worked as slaves everyday for either the SS or for German businesses where they were beaten sternly or killed for working to slow. The prisoners were given awkwardly enough food in these camps dieing of starvation or disease. In 1942, however it seemed like the worse had yet to come with the arrival of extermination camps. Extermination camps were equipped with capacious gas chambers that could kill up to 6,000 people a day.SS doctors would separate the beefed-up from the weak or other wise mainly the men from the young, the sick, the elderly, and the women. Those that were put into the weak category would die immediately, while the strong would work till over-extortion. Ab out six million died, and fewer than four million survived, however those that did would never be the same again. The Japanese internment happened during 1942. It was where government propaganda would take a negative effect on society. After the attack on Pearl Harbor many Americans discriminated against the Japanese American.Everyone that even looked to be Japanese would be mistrusted and be labeled as the oppositeness. On February 19, 1942 President Roosevelt issued an executive order which rounded up every Japanese person that lived in the US as they were seen to be threats to the nation. Many endured names such as being called an alien. In March, the government shipped the Japanese to relocation camps where they were sure to be not in contact with the enemy. Any former possession that the internees might had had were usually gone shortly afterwards as their lands would be repressed.Despite the fact that most of these Japanese were Nisei, native-born American citizens whose pa rents were Japanese, and that some volunteered for military overhaul they were still put into these camps. They were housed in barracks and used communal areas, for washing and eating. Over half of those taken in were merely children. These camps were then overseen by military personnel. All internees over the age of 17 were given a loyalty test were they were asked questions. 120,000 Japanese were taken in, and only 60,000 survived.In 1988, the U. S.Congress passed legislation which awarded formal payments of $20,000 each to the surviving internees. At the end of the war some remained in the US and rebuilt their lives, others however were unforgiving and returned to Japan. two the Holocaust and the Japanese internment are eerily similar to one another. The Japanese and the Jews were seen to be the enemy and needed to be isolated in camps. The camps had inadequate medical care and the high level of aflame stress the people suffered were too much. Both lived in overcrowded areas a nd were over watched by the military.Life in the camps was hard for both the Jews and Japanese. Internees and Jews had only been allowed to bring with then a few possessions. However, internees were given 48 hours to evacuate their homes. thence they were easy prey for fortune hunters who offered them far less than the market prices for the goods they could not take with them. A greathearted difference is that while the Jews were given free food, the Japanese were rationed out at an expense of 48 cents per internee, and served by fellow internees in a mess hall of about 300 people.Internees slept under as many blankets as they were allotted. Leadership positions in both concentration camps and the relocation camps were given to German-born Jews and American-born Japanese. While, the government ideals may have been different, when they spew propaganda they seem to be very alike. While both cases are different, the Japanese internment and the Holocaust are still the same as well. A different location, and different procedures, these two cases had, but still for the same cause of government propaganda.

Investigating Effect Essay Example for Free

Investigating Effect raisePlanAim The aim of the prove is to find out what instal temperature has on the action of a peptidase enzyme on exposed developed picture palace.Enzymes ar biological catalysts. They are made in livings things make up by amino acids to make protein. Enzymes are able to speed up replys and can extract reactions.There are various factors that affect the activity of enzymes they areY TemperatureY pHY SpecificityY Concentration of enzyme or subst cropEnzymes are specific, this means that they precisely work on hotshot substpace molecule. A substrate molecule is what the enzyme actually works on.The factors I have chosen to canvas are temperature. This indeed means that the temperature pass on be the independent variable.In the investigate there will be a candid plastic backing of developed germinate, which will have a disconsolate gelatine come out on it. The gelatine coat is protein, which is the substrate molecule. I will put the film in to peptidase solution, which is the enzyme. By having the gelatine coat I am able to see what happens to the gelatine coat when the temperature increases. I can find out if temperature affects the action of a protease enzyme.PredictionEnzymes have an best temperature, which is generally below 400C. The optimum temperature is when enzymes works best and fas trial at. When the temperature rises the rate increases. This is beca role the substrate and enzyme molecules are abject faster because the temperature has increase. This means that the molecules have more energy. They therefore are likely to collide more often measures with each other and a reaction will take place. However if the temperature goes over the optimum temperature the reaction abates stilt and the enzyme denatures. This means that it has changed shape and therefore the substrate can no longer fit into the enzyme.The diagram below shows how the substrate molecules which is protein fits into the enzyme, which is a protease molecule. This type of mechanism is called the lock and key hypothesis.If the active site, which is the enzyme, is alter too much it will change shape and no longer fit the substrate. The substrate therefore no longer is able to react if there is no active enzyme.I divine that when the temperature increases the meter taken for the gelatine to be broken down will decrease. This is because temperature is a catalyst, which helps to speed up the enzymes, which are biological catalysts. When the temperature is 300C I predict that it will take longer for the film to become transparent than when the film is in a temperature of 600C. However at a certain temperature in the experiment I predict that there will be an optimum temperature. This is when the enzyme works best at. After this point the enzymes start to slow down and eventually denature which means it is harder for the substrate molecules to fit into the enzyme molecules.As I predict that when the temperature increases the metre taken for the gelatine to be broken down decreases until it reaches the optimum temperature I therefore predict that the rate of reaction will increase when the temperature increases until it reaches the point when the enzymes start to denature.When the temperature is increased the enzyme molecules will run away down the ghastly gelatine coat quicker and therefore the developed film will become transparent faster. When temperature is increased the substrate molecules of protein will collide more frequently with the enzyme molecules. So if the temperature is increased from 300C to 600C the enzyme molecule will break the black gelatine down faster to leave the transparent plastic backing.The two diagrams show the effect of temperature between substrate molecules and enzyme molecules. They are only rough diagrams of what will happen between the two molecules.Y Substrate molecule-Y Enzyme molecule-MethodApparatus The apparatus that I am exit to use for the experiment will be a campaign thermionic vacuum thermionic vacuum tube, developed film with a gelatine coat, splint, syringe, stopwatch, thermometer and electric water system baths. This equipment is suitable for this experiment because it is easily available, it is easy to set up and use and it is easy to collect results with.This is how the experiment will be set upI will firstly measure the batch of protease solution by using a syringe, which will be 10cm3 and then put it into a test tube. I will then get two developed films and hook wire onto each so I am able to get them out of the tube easily. The wire will be denominate so it is easy to see which film is which. I will then put the test tube into an electric water bath, which is at a specific temperature for example 300C. I will leave it in the bath for three minutes and then put the two films into the test tube. Ein truth 30 seconds I will check to see if the film has become transparent. When the two films have become transparent I tak e them out of the test tube. I then checkthe pH of the protease solution by getting a glass rod and dipping it into the solution and then put the solution onto pH paper. front experimentFor my preliminary experiment I set up the apparatus as above. As it was only preliminary I used one film. I chose two temperatures to put two test tubes of protease into, they were 600C and 300C. I put the two test tubes into the two different electric water baths and then afterwards three minutes put film in each. This is how the results turned outTemperature of water bath/0CTest tube in water bath with no developed film/secsTime taken for film to become transparent/secsRate of reaction/ 1/secs (S-1)301808000.0013601803000.0033This table of results indicates that when the temperature increases the time taken for the film to become transparent is less. It also shows that when the temperature increases that rate of reaction also increases until it reaches the optimum temperature.This is what I expec t will happen to the results in my final experiment.VariablesIn this experiment the independent variable will be the temperature, the dependent variable will be the time it takes for the films to become transparent and the controls areY Concentration of proteaseY Volume of ProteaseY Film sizeThe experiment should be carried out the same for each test tube and the pH should stay the same for all test tubes. The concentration of the protease solution will be 0.5% and the volume of each protease solution will be 10cm3.RangeThe range of temperatures that I am going to use will be 300C, 400C, 500C, 600C, 700C.If I have a temperature any higher than 700C the enzyme would most in all probability denature. I havent got a temperature any lower than 300C because it would take too long for the gelatine to break down in the time given.ReliabilityIn my final experiment I am going to use a syringe to measure out the volume of protease needed. A syringe is accurate liberal for this experiment.I will put two developed films into each test tube to improve dependableness of my results. I will also use a stopwatch to time when I put the films into the test tube and when to check the films. The electric water baths are really easy to use and they control the variables very precisely unlike heating the test tube with a bunsen burner, as the temperature can go slightly up and down.SafetyWhilst doing the experiment I will have my hair tied back, I will wear a lab coat and I will also wear safety device goggles throughout as I am using protease which if gets into your eyes it can be dangerous.

Before Anyone Is Admitted Into The Military Forces Essay Example for Free

forward Anyone Is Admitted Into The Military Forces EssayBefore anyone is admitted into the military forces, or po codions concerning keeping the lives of other safe, they must go through with(predicate) a series of physical tests and training to see if they can adequately perform their duties .Physical training is through with(p) before a trainee enters and continues periodically as long as the trainee remains throughout. Physical training includes running, push-ups, sit ups, pull ups and other strenuous calisthenics. Testing is more demanding for the younger and more potent bodies, and is harder to complete. For example, young custody, festers 20-29, ledger entry police departments in Illinois are expected to do 38 sit-ups in one minute, patch the men, season 50-59, are expected to only complete 24. Younger men are expected to bench cabal nearly 100% of their own carcass weight. This factor comes into key for lifting bodies say out of dangerous situations, while olde r men are expected to lift only 71%.Not only does age contribute to the factor of how much training needs to be completed, but gender does as well. in that location are plenty of women present and working hard in military forces, and other jobs involving the safety of usual citizens. Young women in Illinois, ages 20-29, are expected to do 32 sit-ups in one minute, women, and age 50-59, save 14. One will notice that the requirements for the women are less demanding, to that of their male counterparts. So the argument now is should women be expected to complete the same amount of physical training as men? To answer this question, passel should consider that male and female bodies were originally evolved, or were designed to complete very different jobs, men being hunters, while women gathered small fruits and berries and tended to the home.Of course, hunting is much of physical and demanded more than picking a few berries off a nearby bush, so it required a more able body for the job. Women were not even able to participate in army forces till 1775 and the outset battle constantly is dated back to nearly 1479BCE. Women still were not even completing the same jobs though as the men. In 1775 they simply tended to the wounded, cooked, and cleaned, nowhere near marching side by side in combat. The first women were not even admitted into military services academys until 1976 and not deployed into dangerous combat zones until 1991. and so women should not be expected to complete the same amount of training as men.Ariel WhiteMrs. LaToya brownishEnglish 102March 8, 2015Title Military Fitness Testing Should the Bar be Lowered on Womens Standards? Topic the federal government should lower physical requirement guidelines so that women may admitted into the military (or fire/police departments). Thesis During physical testing for military positions, women should not be held to the same standards as to their male counterparts.

Second World War Essay Example for Free

Second World War EssayThrough this, Priestley has utilize the Inspector to show that no genius can live their heart in the sole aim to please themselves and that compensatetu altogethery, sharing (a chance variable of equality) has to be done, even if it is with such an intimate feeling as guilt. This sharing is one of the basic elements of collectivist economy and through this statement and many to a greater extent, the Inspector solely reinforces his desire for peace and community.The play was written vindicatory later on the Second World War had ended and the Labour Government were taking steps to submit the standard of lower- clear up living up. With this in mind, Priestley has used this Socialist standing round the Inspector, to put earlier a message to the auditory sense that they must not let Capitalism pull Society top to the unfair state it was before. Through many statements like these and the ever-present contrast to the Birling family, he shows how av arice can destroy lives, and thus is in the long run used by Priestley to show that these kind of situations must balk and must do, for good.The characters who be used to oppose Inspector Gooles political standpoint and show the uncaring sides of Capitalism, are that of Gerald, Mr Birling and Mrs Birling. From the beginning of the play they are used to build up walls against the Inspectors claims, as they deem the life of Eva Smith un-important. They are continually used to act as corrupt ambassadors for the Capitalist belief, as they arrogantly refuse to accept any the responsibility for their actions, (as shown by Mrs Birling below)Im sorry she should have come to such a horrible end. But I accept no blame for it all.(Mrs Birling, Act two).This is only(prenominal) one of the many comments where these three characters have shown no exceptence for their vicious acts. Instead of repenting, they just pass the blame on and experience no remorse for the part they played in causing the innocent girl to die. Their only cares focus on their own statuses and how they themselves will be affected in the end. This harsh exterior and no ruth causes the audience to resent the three characters and in-turn, the beliefs they stand for. Priestley, who has used their disgusting behaviour for effect, wants the audience to ultimately detest these characters and thus, be totally against the seemingly corrupt political flavors that drive their cruelty.Even with these characters that show no response to the Inspectors morals, there are two who become rapidly changed throughout the plot. Sheila and Eric become briskly transformed, as their young ignorance matures into the social aware(p)ness that causes them to except the terrible acts as their fault. This prompt transformation is first shown in both characters at the end of the play, when the others try to write off the Inspector as a unadulterated hoax. Sheila and Eric, who show that the Inspector has touched their lives, cant let anyone forget his message, as they stand up for what they mootYoure beginning to precourse now that nothings happened at all. And I cant see it like that. (Eric, Act three). Thats just the way I feel, Eric. And its what they dont seem to understand.(Sheila, Act three).Sheila and Eric feel extremely guilty for what they have done and even when the others try to pretend that nothing has happened, they manage something has. They show a compassion for Eva Smith and seek repentance, for they know what they did was wrong. This fact of remorse causes the audience to empathise with their character and thus feel a certain tally of respect, as they have witnessed them prevail through ignorance and ultimately except the truth.Inspector Goole shows that the younger generations cast a sign of hope and thus, can be inspired and used to fulfill great causes. Like Sheila and Erics expertness to unified equality in this story, Priestley hopes that younger people all over the world wil l as well as take the initiative to improve life, so that we no longer live our existence by covetousness and capital, but by the basic joy of humanitys diversity alone.Before the Inspector leaves the plot, he delivers Priestleys fundamental opinion to the audience very directly. In this, he conveys a final speech, in which he shows an immense compassion towards the issue being discussed. He explains that whatever social or political background we come form, that it is our vocation in life to help those in less-fortunate positions, and with no doubt whatsoever, he shows that we cannot just disregard the facts at hand, but that we are to embrace every situation with our arms open-wideBut just remember this. angiotensin converting enzyme Eva Smith has gone but there are millions and millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths still left with us, with their lives, their hope and fears, their sufferings and chances of happiness, all intertwined with our lives, and what we t hink and say and do. We dont live alone. We are members of one body. We are responsible for each other. (Inspector Goole, Act three).This musical phrase means many things, and on the surface, is just a moral conclusion to sum up how we should carry after each other but when searched much deeper, Priestley shows how life needs to change on a much larger scale. For instance, this final message could describe how in Society, wealthy upper-classes need to look after those in lower-class poverty. It could overly describe how field of studyly stronger social groups need to become more aware of their exact effect on the vulnerable targets within the community. But when seen on a much broader height, it could also describe how internationally stronger super-powers need to take in consideration the authority and equal rights of the smaller countries they tend to exploit.All of these possible scenarios, with whatever circumstance they may have, simply describe Priestleys ultimate intentio ns for the play to deliver. He uses the Inspector to employ his thoughts on social-awareness for the very last time, thus explaining that in every situation, whether it be global, national or personal, that our fundamental requirement is to look after others, thus ultimately avoiding the inevitable fire, blood and perplexity that he talks about in his speech.I totally fall in agreement with what Priestley has used the Inspector to say about the political forefront of things. Although I am not a socialist like he is, I do think that we, as a body of intertwined lives, need to be sensitive to those in less fortunate situations and thus offer help, rather than just ignoring matters in the avocation of our own good. In every circumstance, I think that we need to act with full reflection on the consequences of what we say and do, in the aim to avoid conflict of any kind in the future. Priestley was obviously a man who cared about the value of people over that of material objects, and i n this issue, so am I. separate 7 The Inspectors function as an Educator 1st Re-draftThe last, but probably the most fundamental enjoyment in influencing the audience, is Inspector Gooles dramatic function as an Educator. In this position, Priestley has used the Inspectors character to educate the audience along side the rest of the characters, as he teaches them about the truth behind the Society. He shows that the class denominations are nothing but discriminative tools used to separate people and that the greedy ways of funds are nothing but immoral and corrupt.The Inspectors most important act of educating is his continuous focus on the Capitalist opinion. He uses this to reveal the many faults within the political standing and thus ultimately warn the audience away from it. In much detail, he shows the belief to be prejudice, unfair and greedy so much so, that even the Capitalist Mr Birling wont raise the wages for something as important as Eva Smiths survival. This scenar io, only an example of the many prejudices within Capitalism, is an obvious outrage and thus, Priestley has used the Inspector to comment about itits better to ask for the Earth than to take it (Inspector Goole, Act one)Through this, the Inspector shows that on the surface it is more justified for Eva Smith to ask for higher wages than it is for Mr Birling to roam through life thinking that he can have everything. This in wider terms shows that Priestley is firmly against the Capitalist supporters who believe that they are the fondness of the Worlds existence, and that eventually their arrogance is no better than the impertinent people who ask to share a tiny portion of their wealth. Capitalism is therefore shown to be a selfish, non-compassionate system, and thus Priestley educates the audience against it, advising them that it is certainly not a method to run anyones life by.

Segment and Profiling Examples Essay Example for Free

plane section and Profiling Examples Essay* CARLS JR.The brand continues its growth with an emphasis on quality, service and cleanliness, pi angiotensin-converting enzymeering concepts much(prenominal) as partial table service and self-serve beverage bars. The introduction of the signature Six Dollar Burger in 2001 marks the latest Carls Jr. advance in the quick-service industry, confirming the chains constant emphasis on product innovation and representing a desire to satisfy the tastes of young, hungry consumers.Who male and female consumers between the ages of 18 25 with an average education level of a blue school graduate or higher(prenominal) and a income level of 000 000. This also accepts family consumers who typic eithery consist of married or single p arents with 1- 4 tolerate at home children and roughly $1300 of disposable income that is usu solelyy spent at QSRs. Common livingstyle characteristics include parents who work amply time and who are non always a ble to prepare a meal for their family, households where 3 of the four people in a typical family do non have how to cook, consumers who expend 71% of their time or more outside the house, consumers who spend a majority of their time in busy high duty districts of the city and teenagers between the age of 15 19 who work full or part time jobs and or go to school full time. Consumers in this target market regularly make purchases at QSRs 1 2 times a week and need healthier more nutritious meal options such as specialty salads, deli style sandwiches and grill chicken sandwiches.What The overall nature of the message would be image intensive with a majority of advertisements tell toward tv, print (including coupons etc.) and internet banners/stream videos.Where The target market exists mainly in suburban areas, high traffic line of work districts and in some rural areas of Canada. The w eightsome of the media funding would be allocated primarily based on this info and popu lation patterns.When Since a majority of ads will be spent on tv, commercials would be aerate Monday to Friday from 3pm to 1030pm, playing 3, 40 second commercials in an hour. On weekends commercials would air from 1100am to 1000pm, 2 times an hour.How By using the profile-matching strategy in all chosen forms of media Carls Jr. would be able to achieve the desired regional coverage needed to successfully launch into the Canadian market. This essay combined with skip schedule advertising will generate awareness, interest and trial purchaseEndorsements is a technique that Carls Jr. has already apply somewhat successfully and could continue to do so by getting endorsements from celebrities that would be easily recognized and accepted by the target audience. This would include Lindsay Lohan, Jessica Alba and Sarah Jessica Parker who could gibe to the presentation with sexually blatant appeals that could be easily conf employ with benefits of the product. Such as an ad where one of the above celebrities would mention how they have met someone who gives them everything they want and keeps them satisfied with his big., thick., so hulking I screw barely get both hands on it.., these references would of course be toward Carls Jr. and the size of their new Six Dollar Jalapeo burger.Shaquille ONeal, and Kobe Bryant could also be used to target the segment of guests who may be more influenced by the endorsements of professional athletes and their reference to the amount of center of attention found in the premier burger. With this type of commercial we would also deliver taglines and slogans to complete the message. For the ad endorsed by an attractive female celebrity the tagline would be If we can get her this HOT, imagine what we can do for you. this would introduce the Jalapeo burger as a spicy meal to consumers who prefer a kick to their food. The slogan used for the entire advertising campaign would be Were new. Were more. And we can make it HOT.* BROTHERS BURGERBrothers Burger is a card-playing-casual restaurant that now has a total of 18 branches six franchised and 12 company-owned in pipe Manila, Baguio City, Cebu City.We wanted to give the market good comfort good, says Martin, the companys vice president for business development and marketing. But it was Quito, a California-trained chef, who brought up the image of selling a premium burger. To bring this idea to life, DJ and Martin quit their jobs to help Quito.Their burgers are all quite big and charbroiled a lot of health conscious people who order this if they are craving for burgers.* BURGER MACHINEBURGER MACHINE IS THE MARKET LEADER OF THE BURGER-ON-WHEELS fraction OF THE FAST FOOD INDUSTRIES IN THE PHILIPPINES OPERATED BY FRANCHISEES NATIONWIDE.Burger Machine is the market leader of the burger-on-wheels segment of Philippines Food Industry. To scarce put it, Burger Machine is the National Burger Stand of the Philippines. (Among the other famous burger stands in the Philippines are Angels Burger, Scott Burger Buy 1 Take 1 Burgers, etc). Burger Machine is not the resto type, it has been consistent in identifying itself as the-burger-next-door you can see it everywhere, in every block, and in every lemoner possible. It is open 24 hours, the reason why it earned its get up the burger that never sleeps.* McDonaldsMcDonalds has metameric their products according to bases of demographic, Psychographic and Behavioral. They have segmented their products and positioned their products according to kids, students and family. But they havent segmented their products according to Adult target group. And also havent started segmented related to breakfast in every outlet.* Happy repast for Kids.Playing area for KidsMusic and Dance floor for youth.Toddler order -an active play environment with age-appropriate games that develop physical coordination and social skills.Active zone- casted for children senior four to eight that promotes physical fitness throu gh fun playSports Zone-a series of sports-oriented activities to promote aerobic exercise for children aged nine to 11Parent Zone-features seating and provides a monitoring area for their children and the Dining Area which allows family to eat. geographical partitionFrom geographical segmentation above we can see that McDonald shoted their services based on accredited country basic food.Demographic/psychographic segmentationDemographic segmentation divides the market into groups based on variables kindred gender, age, nationality, religion, family life cycle and family size. McDonald offered their services by segmented their customer based on age, religion and family life cycle McDonald segmented their product based on customers religion To offer the trounce services McDonald still concern about variations due to differing tastes and cultural issues for their customer over the world. For exampleDemographic segmentation divides the marketIn Malaysia, In Muslim country like Mala ysia pork is not due to Muslim dietary laws, the hamburger is called beef burger avoiding the word ham (McDonald Malaysia). Additionally, in North African Morocco as well as other Muslim countries, all meats is slaughtered in the halal method and labeled as such. On The other hand, In Israel, kosher dietary laws forbid the mixture of the meat and the dairy product, because of this, cheeseburger are not popular. McDonald runs kosher restaurants in Jerusalem and in Buenos Aires (Gurdian Unlimited, 2007), Argentina and offer a Passover bun (only in Israel) for the eighty day period in which practicing Jews abstains from leavened bread. Contrary, Veggie burger are offered wherever there is meaningful demand, including India and much Western Europe, but McDonald rarely certificate it product as vegetarian.Indeed, McDonalds was subject to high profile lawsuit and eventually forced to apologized for using small beef in the preparation of heat up marketed as cooked in 100% vegetable oil. While in the liberal countries like The United States McDonald offer any kinds of food which one of it not available in other countries such as, hamburger, big n tasty, crispy chicken mCclub, McRib Jr, bacon egg and cheese bagel, BBQ bacon chicken mCgrill and cherry pie. (Bizjournal strictly business, strictly local, 2001)Behavioral segmentationBehavioral segmentation focuses on dividing consumer based on their knowledge, attitudes, uses, benefits sought, or responses to companys product (McNamee McDonnell, 1995). integrity of the best form of segmentation is to divided buyers according to the different benefits that they want to get by buying the product. Usually, people who look for in their product class or look for each benefit. For example, McDonald provide McDelivery for 24 hour, this the only one delivery service that not stop even once in a while a day by just call it and order, after that within a import it comes to your place with the food that still hot and fresh.For e xample, they who are working until late night in the responsibility or they who are not sleep at night, they use this service to feed them because not all McDonald restaurants is open for 24 hour, certain McDonald restaurant only open until 2 am in the morning, for customer who look for each benefit they will just call McDelivery to send what they order rather than comedown nowadays to McDonalds restaurant. McDonald segmented McDelivery menu based on the time that customer order Breakfast otiose value meals bagel with omelet, big breakfast, hotcakes with sausage, hotcakes, sausage mCmuffin, egg muffin, fillet-o-fish, hashbrown. Happy Meal breakfast includes free dawdle 2pc breakfast hotcakes. Lunch/Dinner/supper big mag, double cheeseburger, fillet-o-fish, mcwings, French fries, mCchicken, mCspicy, grilled chicken foldover. Happy Meal lunch/dinner/supper includes free toy chicken mCnugget, grilled chicken bun, chicken mCnugget. Sides French fries, corn cup, apple dippers. Bev erages mCcafe cappuccino, mCcafe latte, mCcafe long black, coke/ coke light, sprite, ice lemon tea, jasmine green tea, 100% pure orangish juice, limeade, iced milo, evian, fresh milk, hot chocolateor tea, hot milo. Dessert McFlurry, sundae, apple pie. (McDelivery, 2006)McDelivery menu by McDonald (2006)..According to the data above, we can see that McDonald segmented their McDelivery menu based on how customers considering each benefit. Another behavioral segmentation in McDonald that we can guess is they proudly Big Mac, we can measure how customer is loyal to this McDonalds product. In my opinion, Big Mac is one of popular burger in the world everybody knew it, know what it calls, know how to get it and know how it tastes. Year to year the sales of Big Mac keep on steadily and it is never sick infra what we are predicted. On the other hand it sales also never suddenly totally increased, it is one of the evidence that Big Mac is reputable in common meanings it well-know becaus e of it big size of burger under the brand of McDonald which all the people knows how it fast food feeder popular but it do not mean that this Big Mac do not have competitor.Nowadays, there is a lot of fast food feeder that serve any kind of burger with tempting taste and affordable price, this is what people utter the taste balance with the quality which the brand is Burger King with their lot of menu choices and MOS burger that now serving their burger not with bread rather than rice, so many unique and unimagined ideas about how people create an fire food and take business burger seriously. The reasons why this three brand of burger consume by community is because they all concern for the word halal kosher, they also know how to compete by creating the best test and design the appearances of burger until it brings kind of history to our life. Additionally, it also because of their good marketing which know how they persuade people and how they advertise their burger by make it commercial break that published in television, advertise their burger in big billboard, put their poster in bus until send their discount coupon (direct mail) to public.

Foundation Degree in Accounting and Finance Essay Example for Free

Foundation Degree in Accounting and Finance attemptIntroductionThere is a radical change after the privatisation of Atlantic piddle. The change non hardly affects the arrangements objectives and strategic planning, exclusively also its twist and conclusion.B Burnes (1996 115) cited writers such(prenominal) as Handy (1986), Allaire and Firsirotu (1984) argued the issue as fol beginningto operate effectively and efficiently, an transcriptions civilization need to match or be appropriate to its anatomical mental synthesis. prone that an administrations environment can change rapidly, as can its structure, situations willing arise in the environment, structure and practices of the administration. spy agreemental deportment is not enough, we need to understand the meaning of the behaviour, and thitherfore, it is important to identify the culture and structure of an physical composition, to alter steering to react quickly for any external or internal change.1. be stopping pointIt is ambitious to define culture, usually it is defined as how things argon done around here or this is how we ar. nuance inwardly an organisation is lick by the personality of an individual, linguistic rule of communication, head for the hills fulfilance, behaviour of management and range as a spot.Schein (1983) defines organisational culture as the pattern of basic assumptions that a given group has invented, discover or developed in learning to cope with its problems of external fition and internal integration and that dupe pee well enough to be considered valid, and, therefore , to be taught to natural member as the correct guidance to perceive, think and feel in relation to those problems.Schein views culture as not being over behaviour or values, besides the assumptions that underlie them. Here be the views based on three direct of culture* Level 1 The visible artefacts and creations, which are easy to observe, however do not explain why a group be vexs the way it does.* Level 2 The values which can be inferred from interview, but which shew the espoused reason for behaviour, not the underlying unconscious reason.* Level 3 The underlying assumptions which are typically unconscious, but which actually determine hoe people perceive, think and feel.The meaning of Organisational refining was also defined in Oxford Dictionary of Business (2003) as followOrganizational Culture The values, impost, rituals, and norms shared by all the members of an organization, which slang to be learnt and accepted by newborn members of the organization.Culture impacts most aspect of organisational life, such as how ending are made, who makes them, how rewards are distributed, who is promoted, how people are treated, how the organisation responds to its environment etc. This particular set of values, beliefs, customs and systems are unique to the organisation.1.1 Organisation cultureR Harrison suggested that there are four of import t ypes of organisation culture. They are the followingPower Culture is where the authority and manipulate at heart the organisation are centralized. The control is passing from the central to key individuals. The power of members is based on control over resources and personal influence with the centre.Role Culture is where work within and among departments is controlled by procedures, role descriptions and authority definitions. Job station is central to this, not necessarily the job holder as a person. People are positive to a role based on their ability to carry out the functions and to satisfy performance of the role. R Harrison (1972 119-128) cited Role Culture as followRole culture often referred to as a bureaucracy, it works by logic and rationality.Task Culture is job or project oriented and the chief(prenominal) direct is to complete the tax or project. This might involve getting the right people to work as a team, giving them decision making power to complete the t ask.Person Culture is when the individual is steering on. This includes their personality and personal feeling etc. For example if a group of people contumacious to do their own thing and other members of staff help, this is a person culture. It only existed for the people concerned.Many organisations withdraw a mixture of the above culture, it is important to understand the concept of each of the above culture and to leave an appropriate structure.1.2 Culture of the old irrigate AuthorityThe old water system Authority had a mazy grading framework, narrow spans of control and more aim of authority, this resulted in a high class-conscious structure, and this indicated that the organisation had a strong power culture. It was mentioned in the case study that the old Water Authority called their managers officers and administered the organisation and ran almost along a military line, where the authority and control were centralised.The employees were job oriented where they can only carry out the job they were originally employed for, there was no need to re-organise their position, where they just followed the mean solar day to day procedures. Management saw their jobs as minimising external interference instead then seeking for approximately change to improve the performance of the employees.Employees in the old Water Authority had a certain train of job security where they could work extra hours where needed, which would give them an extra income. Due to the high hierarchal structure of the organisation, there would be a difficulty for employees apportioner progression, this affected those who are seeking for career return and press down their motivation and morale within the organisation. Management did not offer new training skills nor did subordinates find for self improvement.From these evidents the old Water Authority had a mixture of the all the culture which R Harrison suggested.1.3 Culture of new Atlantic Water PlcIn the new Atlantic W ater Plc, they re-structured their grading framework, the spans of control decreased the train of hierarchical structure and the result of this, employees had more opportunities to progress within the organisation. The organisation also decided to empower their managers to take more responsibility, the decentralization enabled decisions to be made closer to the operation level of work.In the result of job cuts after privatisation, Atlantic Water offers their employees a chance to gain qualifications and ensured they are cross-skilled. not only the employees offered to gain new skill, managers are also sent on a training course, where they will have a go paster focus on the organisations objective and to create a new relationship within the organisation.Since Atlantic Water had a large number of jobs cuts, employees suffered from the job insecurity after the privatisation. Although the organisation promote them to gain new skills, the main reason will probably be for them to keep their job rather than looking for self improvement. On the other hand, the organisation introduced a new salary structure divergence many employees worse off financially. Since the employees are not gaining any proceedss financially and suffering from job insecurity, this impacts the employees morale and their commitment to the organisation.1.4 Comparison of the old Water Authority and Atlantic WaterThe old culture of Water Authority was inappropriate to their competitive needs. Atlantic Water changed the culture by shaping the value, beliefs and attitudes of their employees.They started by changing the recruitment, selection and redundancy policies. Managers were recruited from private sector, this effected the composition of the workforce so that promotion and employment prospects are dependent on those concerned possessing or displaying the beliefs and value the organisation wishes to promote.The introduction of the flatter hierarchical structure and decentralisation is an adv antage of a private company. The managers can work closely with the working functional level and it will reduce the time it takes to make decision. This also demands a greater involvement of the staff and creates opportunities for employees evolution their career.The encouragement of staff training is vitally important to the change of an organisation, this will not only benefit the organisations productivity, but will also improve the level of employees morality and to make them understand their value to the organisation.2. Defining anatomical structureP Drucker (1974 52) defined structure as followStructure is a means for attaining the objectives and goals of an organization.An organisation existent is to achieve its goal and objectives, the work within an organisation has to be divided among its members. It provides the framework of an organisation and makes all procedure and application possible. The effectiveness and efficiency of the organisation will be influenced by the morphologic design and the behaviour of the people who work within the structure.2.1 Organisational StructureAn organisations structure is designed to ensure that rules and procedures are used and followed, it contains four frameworks of relationships within an organisation the individuals job description, job specialisation, its lines of communication and its hierarchy.Organisational structure can be layered into three hierarchical structures the technical level, the managerial level and the community level. It is important to have clear objectives within the organisation, good communications both horizontally and vertically can enable an organisation to perform effectively and efficiently. The correct grouping of individuals and work is also important to maintain a high level of performance.2.2 The old Water Authoritys structureThe old Water Authority was a public service organisation, its main objective was to provide a service to local communities. Job description was clarified to individuals and the working pattern was not fictile. The division of work was based on the employees skills, i.e. operation of clean water side and the dreary water side.It had a narrow span of control and more level of authority, this result in a tall hierarchical structure and there are a few problems with this structure. It restricts the decision making process and information is difficult to pass on from either level to another. It is not constitute effective since there are more middle managers within the organisation and there could be a conflict between management if the objective was not clarified between departments.The old Water Authority was a centralised organisation where the decision making retained in the top level of management. There are advantages of centralisation, whatsoever of which employ to the old Water Authority. The decisions are fitted to broad organisations objectives and it is easier to coordinate the activities within the organisation. But the problem occurred when the decisions were not made close enough with the operational level, it might not be appropriated to the lower level of hierarchical structure.Line and staff management A system of management used in large organizations in which there are two separate hierarchies the line management side consists of line managers with responsibility for decision making the policy of and running the organizations main activities, while the staff management, and its separate staff managers, are responsible for providing such supporting service. Oxford Dictionary of Business (2003 300)This explanation suited the structure of the old Water Authority, each operational department running parallelised and having advisory department across them (See Diagram 1).The mechanistic organisation theory applied to the old Water Authority, where employees had specified roles and definitions of the authority within the hierarchical structure. confabulation and interaction are vertical, the str ucture of the old Water Authority was appropriate as the external environment was stable.2.3 Atlantic Waters StructureThe privatisation changed the Water Authority from a public service organisation to an economic organisation. The objective is no time-consuming just to provide service, but to make a profit and to survive in the competitive market.Atlantic Water re-structured their grading framework, it reduced the level of management, the wider span of control resulted in a flatter hierarchical structure. It reduced the bureaucratic costs, i.e. little middle managers, less coordination problem and reduced the chance of information distortion.decentralization is another result of down-sizing the hierarchical structure, this allows decisions to be made closer to the operational level and reduces information constipate on upper managers. Managers have more free time to do something else, i.e. provide personal care for its subordinates.The line and staff organisational structure als o changed, it became a matrix structure, where there is more than one life-sustaining orientation to the operations of the organisation, such as they introduced the pay negotiations in house and fixed-term contractors.Atlantic Water boost their employee to gain qualification to enable them to be cross-skilled, so they can be deployed by their manager where and when they are needed, the flexibility of the working pattern is essential. The mechanistic organisation is no longer applicable in the lower level, it combined both the mechanistic organisation at the top of the hierarchy and the organic organisation at the bottom of the level. Organic organisation has a flexible system and structure which is characterised by the adjustment and relentless redefinition of tasks. Communication and authority does not necessarily coincide with positional authority.3. Organisational ChangeL Mullins (2002 798) suggested organisation emergence is a key to organisational change.Organisation develo pment is concerned with the diagnosis of organisational health and performance, and the ability of the organisation to adapt to change.In order to change the organisation effectively, organisation development is essential to have the correct strategies examine research and feedback, T-group and team building.Survey and feedback involves using questionnaires to help identifying the attitudes of individuals within the organisation. Top management can abstract the feedback and discuss the problems, and the action to be taken to help to improve performance.T-group is also known as sensitivity training, it involve informal groupings to discuss the individuals feeling toward the organisation and to understand their abilities in themselves.Team building is identifying the task procedures and the pattern of interaction within the work group. The aim of this function is to improve overall performance of the organisation through the effectiveness of the team.Organisational development is no t only about improving the organisation effectiveness and efficiency, but also improve the morality and commitment of individuals.3.1 Strategies for Change and InnovationThere are different strategies arisees to changes in the organisation, however it has to be carefully design and apply. From the strategic management point of view, organisational change has four main facets which need constant re-appraisal and planned action* Human resource implications This involve training, personal skill development, the culture needed to be accepted. The organisation needs to encourage and motivate their employees by providing opportunity for improvement.* Functional implications Communication need to be improved between departments, the understanding of how the department works is also important, different range of organisation has their own way of working method. Decentralise the authority and appraisal system should be introduced.* technical implications Increase use of technology can i mprove the productivity and administration of an organisation. Although there is a cost of the installation and operational cost, but it actually reduce overhead cost in long term, i.e. less manual labour and improve accuracy.* Organisational implications This involve change of relationship, work groups, routines and practices. There will be a new requirement of communications between departments and the management skills need to be improved to compromise within the organisation.3.2Atlantic Waters ApproachesAfter the privatisation, Atlantic Water applied the organisation development techniques. They are role analysis, life and career planning, quality of work life and counselling.Role analysis Employees are trained to be cross-skilled so they can be deployed by their manager where and when they are needed, so their tasks are more flexible than before.Life and career planning The organisation encourages their employees to gain qualifications, this will not only benefit the individ ual, but also the performance of the organisation. The organisation also invested heavily in management development so the managers have a clearer commercial focus and a new relationship with its workforce.Quality of work life The new grading framework of the organisation creates opportunity for many employees who wish to develop their career. The organisation introduced a new salary structure, but it leaves many employees worse off financially, Atlantic Water failed to provide a dampen quality of work life.Counselling There is a programme to help individual to deal with accentuate which are caused from job insecurity. This will help and assist individual to attain their goal and to re-build their agency.Atlantic Water has improved their performance in general by investing in training programmes for both the management and their staff, but they did not consider their employees feeling. The morality and commitment level had dropped significantly due to the amount of work load an d insecurity of their job. Although they offered a counselling programme, their employees are not being awarded for the extra efforts they put into the organisation.The low level of morality and commitment has major influence on the level of work performance. Atlantic Water should try to re-build the relationship with their employees by re-viewing their salary structure. The employees should be informed at a reasonable level of the activity within the organisation, sharing the success of the organisation will also boost the level of confidence for the individual.The management training should not be limited to the knowledge within the industry, it should includes counselling, coaching and leadership skills. Managers have a major influence on the motivation and behaviour of employees.4. ConclusionThe change has a gigantic impact upon Atlantic Water, the structure, culture and organisational climate had changed significantly. They have taken a certain level of approach but the result s are not all positive, they need to carefully re-build relationships with its employees.The organisational climate is an indication of the employees feeling and beliefs, obviously Water Atlantics climate needs to be improved. It must develop new ways to increase the consignment and commitment of employees. This includes attention to reward strategies based on recognition of contribution rather than status or position. The management of organisational climate is an important means of improving productivity and standard of work performance.Diagram 1BibliographyBurnes B. (1996) 2nd Edition, Pitman Publishing, capital of the United KingdomDrucker P. (1974), New templates for todays organizations, Harvard Business Review, capital of the United KingdomHuczynski A. Buchanan D. (1991), Organizational Behaviour, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, LondonMullins L. (2002), Management and Organisational Behaviour, Prentice Hall, EssexSchein E. (1997), Organizational Culture and Leadership, Jossey Bass Wiley, LondonSchneider S. Barsoux J. (2003), Managing Across Culture, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, LondonReferenceBurnes B. (1996), Managing Change, 2nd Edition, London, Pitman Publishing,Drucker P. (1974), New templates for todays organizations, Harvard Business Review, LondonMullins L. (2002), Management and Organisational Behaviour, Prentice Hall, EssexSchein E. (1997), Organizational Culture and Leadership, Jossey Bass Wiley, LondonOxford University Press (2003), Oxford Dictionary of Business, 3rd Edition, Market House Book Ltd, London