The Charge of the Light Brigade and Attack Essay -- Alfred Lord Tennys

The Charge of the Light Brigade and Attack The Charge of the light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson andAttack by Siegfried Sassoon are cardinal very dissimilar poems. both(prenominal) ofthem are on the same topic of war but have many melodic lines in how theytreat the subject matter, war. The main difference between these twopoems is the audience that they were written for. Tennyson, as poetlaureate, was written for public reading, but Sassoons work whichshowed more emotion and feeling, was therefore more of a private poem.The poems tone and sense of humor are very different. Tennysons poem is atriumphant, victorious and celebratory poem. This is because theVictorians did not want to read about defeat, as it was not consideredhonourable, so Tennyson praises the men who died in the charge. Hewrites, Boldly they rode and well, and, While horse and hero fell.Tennyson also tells us that they were fearless and did everythingwithout query. Theirs not to make reply. Theirs not to reas on why.In the last compose of the poem Tennyson asks all people to, Honour theLight Brigade, Noble six hundred Even in defeat Tennyson portraysthe men as heroes.In contrast Sassoon created a sinister and threatening mood. His poemcontains a mysterious haunting quality revealing the shockingbrutality of what war was really like. Instead of word picture the menwho fought as brave and fighting without question, he says they were,Masked with fear, when they had to go over the top to meet theBristling fire. It is clever the way he uses bristling to take out thegunfire because by this he makes out that the gunfire is heavy. Healso says, Lines of grey, muttering faces, which depicts aquestioning attitude, which is a com... ...een lines. Attack has thirteen lines.)The two poems are written from two points of view, and have verydifferent purposes. Tennyson is reflecting on an event that hadhappened ten years beforehand and an event that he himself was notinvolved him. He was writing to commemorate those that had died duringthe charge. By the way he has written the poem, he seems to think thatwar was very honourable, even in defeatSassoon however had experienced war, and really knew what it was liketo be in the front line, ( unlike Tennyson). The purpose of his poemwas to tell people what war was really like. How it was frighteningand sad. He understandably and blatantly had a negative view of war, as hesays in his last line, O Jesus, make it stop and thinks of war asdishonourable and futile, And look forward to with furtive eyes and grapplingfists, flounders in the mud.

Set Design for Antigone Essay example -- Drama

Outline your set design for Antigone and explain how it would help apresent day consultation to understand the plays themes and atmospheres.The play Antigone can be greatly enhanced by the correct use of set,in the same way though the set can be used and interpreted in manydifferent ways.To start with I am going to draw a picture of my set design so i canthence refer to it as i talk about the different aspects of it and howeach of those aspects would help a present day audience understand theplays themes and atmospheres.I would find with projecting 3 images onto a white sheet that isdraped over the back wall of my set.The first of these images is going to be a gravestone. This will be intercommunicate onto the left hand third of the screen and for the reasonthat even though in ancient Greece they did not use gravestones itwill help the audience understand how Eteocles has been buried in theproper manner as a good son.In the centre third of the screen I would have projected an image of apair of eyes, these eyes would be glowing bolshy to begin with but theywould gradually get a more watery red until they become glowingyellow. The eyes are there to symbolise to the audience how thecharacters are constantly in the presence of God, which is quiteclearly one of the plays study themes. The eyes show how Creon isalways under scrutiny and anything any of the characters does is beingseen, in a way that he/she sees everything and knows everythi...

Abortions Pros and Cons Essay -- Abortion Reasearch Papers

Nowadays, in this world, in that respect atomic number 18 a softwood of problems that can make tremendous conflicts for humans beings. They are very entangled and bring a lot of argument and nobody knows what the exact answer is. They also fork out pros and cons. One of the most difficult problems is stillbirth. This is due to moral and h angiotensin-converting enzymest value which we all have. The majority of us are Christians or are brought up in that kind of ambiance which actor that as small children we were taught determine that are based on the bible such as that famous develop Thou shall not kill. This phrase relates to this topic because an abortion is the execute of a human being.A 52% of women getting abortions performed on them are younger than 25 years old and 19% are teenagers. The abortion pace is highest for those women aged 18 to 19 (56 per 1,000 in 1992 pregnancy centers.org).the reasons for this alarming rate are various and vary from person to person. still the most common finding to have an abortion is to postpone childbearing. This decision is mostly picked by the older group of women in this statistic. Another alarming point is that a percentage of women are been pressured into abortion. Either by peers or by them realizing that they could no longer do the things they did before they became pregnant and that is when they encounter a clamber with their values. Since there is also a considerate percentage of teenage girls having abortions they are at high risk for developing serious emotional and psychological problems following(a) abortion. Such as the conflict abortion can have on a minors emotional health, physical health, fertility, and in store(predicate) pregnancies. All these factors can play an burning(prenominal) role in the future of that teenager. All of this wouldnt have been possible without the Roe v. Wade display case which in 1973, the Supreme Court decided the case of Roe v. Wade, and made abortion leg al for the first time in the United States. This decision allowed women the choice to decide if they are going to terminate a pregnancy, and it allowed women the right to get a safe and legal abortion. From 1880 to 1973 abortions were illegal, and many women were having illegal and very unsafe abortions-often causing permanent damage to their reproductive organs or sometimes even re master(prenominal)der from i bleeding or infections. Since the decision was handed down by the Supreme Court, womens access to abortion ha... ...) forbidding of abortions for authoritative reasons(law.com/abortion laws)Abortion is a significant issue in our life because it might happen to anybody, even to our relatives . We see in just one problem, abortion, there are a lot of pros and cons. There is still no conclusion because both sides of the argument be can be seen from many points of view. If you are one who supports pro-life or pro-choice group, you cannot judge if the other group has a differen t way of thinking although we still have a tendency to do this . People cannot judge Pro-life people as a people who have no respect for human feeling because they would not allow a woman who had been raped to have an abortion. On the other hand people cannot say that Pro-choice is a better group because they are more apprised of human needs. People leave never know the feelings of women who have had an abortion unless they are the ones that are facing the abortion decision. To face this problem, people need to run their time on the main points of each group to think and to weigh both sides to make the best decision and fro there go with what best suits your movement of thinking or values after all the choice is yours. Abortions Pros and Cons Essay -- Abortion Reasearch Papers Nowadays, in this world, there are a lot of problems that can make tremendous conflicts for human beings. They are very complicated and bring a lot of argument and nobody knows what the exa ct answer is. They also have pros and cons. One of the most complex problems is abortion. This is due to moral and ethical values which we all have. The majority of us are Christians or are brought up in that kind of ambiance which means that as small children we were taught values that are based on the bible such as that famous phrase Thou shall not kill. This phrase relates to this topic because an abortion is the murder of a human being.A 52% of women getting abortions performed on them are younger than 25 years old and 19% are teenagers. The abortion rate is highest for those women aged 18 to 19 (56 per 1,000 in 1992 pregnancy centers.org).the reasons for this alarming rate are various and vary from person to person. But the most common decision to have an abortion is to postpone childbearing. This decision is mostly picked by the older group of women in this statistic. Another alarming fact is that a percentage of women are been pressured into abortion. Either by peers or by th em realizing that they could no longer do the things they did before they became pregnant and that is when they encounter a struggle with their values. Since there is also a considerate percentage of teenage girls having abortions they are at high risk for developing serious emotional and psychological problems following abortion. Such as the impact abortion can have on a minors emotional health, physical health, fertility, and future pregnancies. All these factors can play an important role in the future of that teenager. All of this wouldnt have been possible without the Roe v. Wade case which in 1973, the Supreme Court decided the case of Roe v. Wade, and made abortion legal for the first time in the United States. This decision allowed women the choice to decide if they are going to terminate a pregnancy, and it allowed women the right to get a safe and legal abortion. From 1880 to 1973 abortions were illegal, and many women were having illegal and very unsafe abortions-often ca using permanent damage to their reproductive organs or sometimes even death from i bleeding or infections. Since the decision was handed down by the Supreme Court, womens access to abortion ha... ...) forbidding of abortions for certain reasons(law.com/abortion laws)Abortion is a significant issue in our life because it might happen to anybody, even to our relatives . We see in just one problem, abortion, there are a lot of pros and cons. There is still no conclusion because both sides of the argument be can be seen from many points of view. If you are one who supports Pro-life or Pro-choice group, you cannot judge if the other group has a different way of thinking although we still have a tendency to do this . People cannot judge Pro-life people as a people who have no respect for human feeling because they would not allow a woman who had been raped to have an abortion. On the other hand people cannot say that Pro-choice is a better group because they are more aware of human needs . People will never know the feelings of women who have had an abortion unless they are the ones that are facing the abortion decision. To face this problem, people need to spend their time on the main points of each group to think and to weigh both sides to make the best decision and fro there go with what best suits your style of thinking or values after all the choice is yours.

Bram Stokers Dracula: A Struggle to Maintain Victorian Upper and Middl

The puritanic men and women conveyed in Bram Stokers Dracula are pure and innocent members of the upper and middle class. However, hiding behind this composed and civilized conception of England lies a dark and turbulent underbelly. This underbelly is the lumpenproletariat, whom Karl Marx defined as "the lowest and most degraded section of the proletariat the down and outs who make no contri besidesion to the workers cause". Victorian culture discriminated against these vagrants, who were seen not only as shiftless and immoral, but dangerous as well. Sex was taboo and purity was held sacred to the Victorian middle and upper class, but prostitution and sexually transmitted diseases ran rampant among the lumpenproletariat. The rich people strive to be pious and good, but consider those of lower social standing to be less than human. The reaction of the characters in Dracula to the evil of the vampires cannister be desirened to the Victorian conception of the lower classes. They were seen as a hedonistic but powerful force, with the collective capacity to end the affluent citizens way of life. In this sense, the novel can be viewed as a struggle to maintain upper-class Victorian traditions against the traditions of the lower class. This paper will examine the similarities between the vampires and the knowledge of the lower classes in regards to superstition, sexuality, inequality and the "preying" of the lumpenproletariat on the respectable middle-class. It will also examine the signs evident in the novel of the Victorian mindset.           Dracula is an aristocrat with a castle and noble title, but in reality he is more associated with the lumpen. While trapped in Draculas castle early in the novel, Jonathan discovers that he has no hired help, has been performing menial tasks such as bed-making and table setting in secret, and even acting as the horse-carriage driver. He slumbers in dirt, much like th e homeless, and is nomadic for most of the book. The Count associates himself most clearly with the lumpenproletariat in the form of a horde of gypsies who "attach themselves as a rule to some gravid noble"(49). They even do his bidding "The gypsies have given me these"(50) Dracula says of Jonathans ill-fated letters. Dracula attempts to hide his lumpen nature and exude an aristocra... ... "stagnant and conk" air (111). Vampires and the poor are projected as animal-like, and both prey on others.     Since the vampires in Dracula can be seen as a federal agency of the lower class, we can draw some assumptions. If one draws this parallel to its logical conclusion, the battle with the vampires, it can be seen that in the end the lower class and their perceived values are soundly defeated by the righteous ruling class, and the threat is expelled from Britain. However, this ruling class does not come out of the battle unscathed, and the Vic torian tradition is mostly lost. By reading Dracula as a battle to maintain Victorian tradition, one can more fully fancy the actions of the characters. Their prudishness, Sewards scientific adherence to logic, and the idea of the fall from grace take on a new meaning in the light of such an understanding. Just as the characters in Dracula cling to their humanity, so too do they cling to their upper-class values in the face of the lower class.Works CitedStoker, Bram. Dracula. England Pengiun, 2003.defn"Lumpenproletariat". Oxford English Dictionary. http//dictionary.oed.com

The Effects of Kates Birthmark in Jill McCorkles Ferris Beach :: McCorkle Ferris Beach Essays

The Effects of Kates Birthmark in Jill McCorkles Ferris BeachIts a birthmark, my mother said over and over. Lots of people have birthmarks(p.44). In Jill McCorkles Ferris Beach, Kate Burns has a birthmark. The posture of her birthmark causes Kate to be shy and self-conscious. It is her weak spot, affecting how she perceives both herself and others. Because of the focus Kates birthmark draws to her face, she places great importance on appearance. Kates stress on the way things image affects her relationships with everyone around her and especially the women in her life. Through most of the novel, Kates relationship with her mother is clouded by her relationships with Mo Rhodes and Angela. It is not until Kate is able to look past unsullied appearances and see these women clearly for what they are, that her relationship with her own mother can begin to grow and develop. Kate hates her birthmark. Even more, she hates her mothers attitude about her birthmark. Kate desperately expec ts someone to blame for her birthmark and someone to have pity for her. She always wanted to say that if it was a birthmark it must be her Clevas fault(p.44). Her mother, however, is unsympathetic and explains, I just want her to see that she cant let this ruin her life there are things we just have to accept(p.48). Kates mother tries to constantly remind her that things could be worse and she shouldnt whine. yet during her early childhood years, Kates birthmark does affect her and it is hard for her to accept. Kate feels that her birthmark is an open invitation for others to hurt her. She becomes extremely self-conscious as she puts up with teasing by blackbird Hucks and R.W. Quincy. Covering her face with her hand becomes an automatic reaction. Kates attitude about her birthmark and her attitude towards her mother become a source of tension in their relationship. She hates that her mom simply will not apologize for the birthmark.. Kate begins to hate her mother for her lack of compassion and so she seeks other women with which to form bonds. Mo Rhodes and Angela become substitutes to compensate for the most relationship that Kate lacks with her own mother. Mo Rhodes is the epitome of a cool mom. When the Rhodes move in across the street, Kate is intrigued by Mo and overwhelmed by the chance to get to realize Misty, a friend her own age.

The Effects of Kates Birthmark in Jill McCorkles Ferris Beach :: McCorkle Ferris Beach Essays

The Effects of Kates Birthmark in Jill McCorkles Ferris BeachIts a nevus, my take said over and over. Lots of people have birthmarks(p.44). In Jill McCorkles Ferris Beach, Kate Burns has a birthmark. The presence of her birthmark causes Kate to be shy and self-conscious. It is her weak spot, affecting how she perceives both herself and others. Because of the taper Kates birthmark draws to her face, she places great importance on appearance. Kates stress on the way things look affects her relationships with everyone around her and especially the women in her life. Through most of the novel, Kates relationship with her become is clouded by her relationships with Mo Rhodes and Angela. It is not until Kate is able to look past mere appearances and see these women clearly for what they are, that her relationship with her own mother can pop to grow and develop. Kate hates her birthmark. Even more, she hates her mothers attitude about her birthmark. Kate desperately wants someone to bl ame for her birthmark and someone to have pity for her. She always wanted to say that if it was a birthmark it must be her Clevas fault(p.44). Her mother, however, is unsympathetic and explains, I secure want her to see that she cant let this ruin her life there are things we just have to accept(p.48). Kates mother tries to constantly remind her that things could be worse and she shouldnt whine. But during her early childhood years, Kates birthmark does affect her and it is hard for her to accept. Kate feels that her birthmark is an easy invitation for others to hurt her. She becomes extremely self-conscious as she puts up with teasing by Merle Hucks and R.W. Quincy. Covering her face with her hand becomes an automatic reaction. Kates attitude about her birthmark and her attitude towards her mother become a source of tension in their relationship. She hates that her mom simply will not apologize for the birthmark.. Kate begins to hate her mother for her neediness of compassion and so she seeks other women with which to form bonds. Mo Rhodes and Angela become substitutes to compensate for the close relationship that Kate lacks with her own mother. Mo Rhodes is the epitome of a cool mom. When the Rhodes impel in across the street, Kate is intrigued by Mo and overwhelmed by the chance to get to know Misty, a friend her own age.

Our generation Essay

Throughout the past couple of centuries, our world has changed over a period of time. Everything has changed generations, the way we live, nature and so much more. History is created each day, and at every moment without even realizing it. Our nicety is a huge part of our everyday environment that we do not realize how incredibly profound they influence our lives. There are many important particles that bedevil changed Ameri cigarette society for example the television. Television can be used as a tool to motivate learning and to increase awareness of public issues. Social Interaction, education, culture, and criminal exposure are some of the key reasons to why the television has vie a significant role in our lives.In todays modern culture, television has played a big role end-to-end wads every day lives. We depend on TV for entertainment, news, education, culture, weather, sports, and so much more. Without the TV, our social interaction percentage would be low because of th e lack of topics. peck these days, talk about TV shows, movies, and more, and without it, a lot of people would be anti social. While television is often criticized for isolating people, it can overly contribute them together. For example, Super Bowl parties and other events in which people congregate around the TV. During the month-long telecast of March Madness, fans gather at work, in bars and other places to equality brackets, view college basketball games, and discuss the results. In addition, some TV shows invite viewers to share their opinions by calling in or posting comments.Televisions have influenced education and teaching practices. Educators have had to adapt and provide lessons that not only educate but entertain the learner. It has been shown that attention spans have decreased since the prominence of television. indication is not seen in the same esteem as in previous generations. Studies have shown that public television programs emphasize literacy development. Using engaging characters and interesting stories, shows ilk Sesame Street, and Sid the Science Kid, motivate children to learn, while other specialty channels, such as Animal Planet and Discovery Channel, also provide educational content in an entertaining way.Television also provides cultural experiences, which can help broaden viewers perspectives and increase tolerance and appreciation for different lifestyles.TV has the top executive to create powerful capabilities, TV allows people especially adolescents to share cultural experience with one another. Shows like National Geographic, House Hunters International, and The Amazing Race, focus on life in parts of the world that may be unfamiliar to most Americans. Even shows that concentrate their efforts in the U.S., such as Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives, and House Hunters, can improve cultural awareness by highlighting the foods, housing trends and customs in different regions of the country.Lastly, the impact of television also s erves to expose criminal activity. gibe to a 2011 article in Time magazine, the television show Americas Most Wanted, was an unprecedented collaboration between law enforcement and television, and led to the generate of 1,154 fugitives as a result of phone tips from TV viewers. Kevin Perkins, an assistant director of the FBIs criminal investigation division told Time, the agency captured 17 of its most highly-ranked fugitives and also solved over 550 cases as a result of TV viewer tips. Perkins also says that theyve captured suspects within minutes of an episode airing on TV. Also the news today these days, there are many news channels to inform us on what is happening around the world.Without the news, we would often wonder what is happening, despite the value of also having social media,it is often not reliable nor true. References Time.com The End of Americans Most Wanted Good News for Criminals, Bad News for the FBI.To conclude., throughout the past hundred of years, our worl d has changed over a period of time generations, the way we live, nature, and more. History is created ever day, and at every moment without even realizing it. Our culture is a huge part of our every day environment that we do not realize how incredibly significant they influence our lives. One important element the television has changed American society. Social Interaction, education, culture, and criminal exposure are some of the key reasons to whythe television has played a significant role in our lives. Without the television, our generation would be a lot different.

English Pronoun Chart and Exercises

Subject Pronouns I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they- function as the subject of a sentence I live in New York. Do you manage playing tennis? He doesnt want to come this evening Object Pronouns me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them- serve as the object of a verb. Give me the book. He told you to come tonight. She asked him to help. genitive case Pronouns mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs- show that something belongs to someone. Note that the possessive pronouns argon similar to possessive adjectives (my, his, her). The difference is that the object follows the possessive adjective but does not follow the possessive pronoun.For modelling Possessive Pronoun That book is mine. Possessive Adjective That is my book. That house is mine. This is hers. those seats are yours Demonstrative Pronouns this, that, these, those refer to things. this and these refer to something that is near. that and those refer to things that are farther away. This is my house. That is our car . These are my colleagues . Those are beautiful flowers. A. __Use the correct personal pronouns.Watch the words in brackets. Example ___ often reads books. (Lisa) Answer She often reads books. 1) ___is dreaming. (George) 2) ___ is green. (the blackboard) ) ___ are on the wall. (the posters) 4) ___ is running. (the dog) 5) ___are watching TV. (my mother and I) 6) ___ are in the garden. (the flowers) 7) ___ is riding his bike. (Tom) 8) ___ is from Bristol. (Victoria) 9) ___has got a brother. (Diana) 10) Have___ got a computer, Mandy? B. __Choose the correct objective pronouns . Example I have got a sister. ___ name is Susan. Answer I have got a sister. Her name is Susan. Hi Daniel, ___ name is John. This is ___ friend Jason. Hes 12. ___sister is nine. ___ pet is a budgie. ___name is Dickens. Jason and I go to the same school. There are 450 boys and girls in ___ school.Jasons form teacher is Mrs. Peterson. She has got a pet, too. ___pet is a tortoise. Our form teacher is Mr. Smith. I like ___lessons. He has two dogs. The dogs love to play in ___ garden. Now I have a foreland for you. Whats ___ pet? Yours, John C. __Replace the personal pronouns by possessive pronouns. This book is (you) . The ball is (I) . The blue car is (we) . The ring is (she) . We met Paul and Jane last night. This house is (they) . The luggage is (he) . The pictures are (she) . In our garden is a bird. The nest is (it) . This cat is (we) . This was not my fault. It was (you) .

Blue Highways Essay

The beginning to an end, and round again, for to the lowest degree warming idle was when he lost his teaching job. He figured he had two choices to sleep the subject field over or to go crazy. He chose neither. Instead, he decided to take a self-fulfilling journey in search of places where change did non mean let out and where Time and Man and Deeds connected. Least incite Moon took a circular route from one end of the United Steats to another using the hold roads or the blue highways because he believed that life does not happen on interstates. He bidned Life to a circular route that comes round again, to bulge out over and a raw. Least Heat Moon came from the Sioux tribe and like most Native Americans believed that those who embrace the new by discarding the old do not be to be honored. His trip gave him the opportunity to meet and talk to people, in the process learning from their experiences. In most cities he visited, people ask about his job. Inasmuch as he had ju st lost his, Least Heat Moon was vague with his replies and was tempted to answer differently each time.Someone from Grayville, Illinois thought people with nothing to do was common in any transgress of the country, while someone from Shelbyville, Kentucky distinguished job from work and from occupation in terms of motivation, time and money. He aphorism people moving and renovating homes in Kentucky. They were log cabins of 1807 and Bob Andriot took pleasure in preserving them for another two hundred years. Bob has something from the past that he is making into something new to pass on to the future.Bobs kind is so unlike those in Frankfort which was named after their local hero, Stephen Frank. From the old Franks cut by means of it became Frankfurt out of convenience without regard of its historical significance. The entire look of Frankfurt was similarly modernized. Kentuckys name became associated with Col. Harlan Sanders and his crispy-fried chicken. Least Heat Moon dined i n Claudia Sanders Dinner House. Least Heat Moon believed nothing beats the delicious and authentic regional food served in local cafes like they did three decades or so years ago.The Hammonds of Palisades made building a boat their life, a dream made true by their relentless pursuit of it. He lodged and dined at the Shakers Trustees Hall, which was built in1839. The Shakers arrest not outlived their building for their unrealistic views of life and adversity towards progress. On the other hand, Ida, south of Appalachia, was slow to progress because of its isolation. At Gainesboro, Least Heat Moon found that even if he was traveling alone he was to an extent sociable because of the chance that he allow meet someone at every stop.At Shepardsville Road, Madison Wheeler refused to part with his old stores signage despite a tempting offer for the simple reason that he wanted to keep his name. Least Heat Moon was invited to sup at Wheelers table, something that Least Heat Moon appreciate d noting that those who live on little are the ones to ask you to dinner. In Nameless, Tennessee Least Heat Moon spent an evening with the Watts who showed that him simple pleasures that last and stay in the heart like buttermilk pie, old music, hot bread and a doctor who calms like the hand of the Lord. He made several futile attempts to meet and talk to Native Americans, Hopi or Navajo, for fear of rejection. At Echo Cliffs in Arizona he noticed that White Men in station wagons bought beads from Indians, when it was the White Men in wagons who sold beads to Indians before. When history is repeated, there is a twist in the course of events. In crossing Colorado, the Spanish missionaries of 1776, navigated the Vermillion cliffs in 10 days, ate cactus and 2 horses, made steps to climb and cross 400-ft walls.Least Heat Moon made his in 20 seconds, sitting down. What was terrifying to the Spaniards was magnificent to Least Heat Moon. What was a hurdle to the Spaniards was a breeze for Least Heat Moon. There were 2 observation towers containing reminders of WWII in the southern part of Rehoboth Beach. The young would have no idea at all, but had they been born earlier they would have been among the fallen heroes. Glen Marshall of Smith Island found running a boat a good job because he had no boss to take orders from. , which to him was better than money.Alice Middleton thought that Island Belle brought progress to their island by bringing in provisions, news, medicine, and mails as well as transported the sick and the dying. It was their equivalent to the cars of America. Kendrick Fritz was a Hopi Indian studying Medicine at the Southern Utah State College. Fritz re-acquainted Least Heat Moon on their overlap heritage. Fritz said that prejudice against Indians came from seeing them make trouble and that already made them a savage in the eyes of the White Men. The Indians hated the White manner but they enjoy their pleasures as much.Fritz would go back to Tuba, to his people, to practice medicine and money will never be a consideration. To a Hopi, religion is praying for harmony, as well as rain and crops, and a good life. A common symbol among Native Americans is the emergence or the road of life. People go through birth, death, and rebirth. The symbol is also about the journeys we take as well as the cosmic patterns that human beings move in. The Hopi Way teaches that every one is a part of one whole, a greater family. A hunter is forgiven if he hunts and kills for food, for only life can feed life. In the Hopi religion a person is not just one but a part of many things and that if he respects himself then he respects all things too. A person must not set himself above the rest as that would set him apart. The Hopi Way is the Way of the Spirit which is everywhere. Through his encounters with people Least Heat Moon gains insightful knowledge that it serves no purpose to hold on to the past for it will never return, but, it would be reg retful if the past is totally forgotten. It is within man to revitalize the past, not as a repetition but an exciting variation, like the log cabins with beautiful interiors.The present should always connect to the past for there will always be something to learn from and improve on. Without Claudia Sanders kitchen, the world would never know taste of the famous Col. Sanders chicken. The rich cultural heritage of Least Heat Moon seen through the eyes and heard from the lips of Kendrick Fritz replaced his fears with pride and a deeper appreciation of the beautiful journey he had made. It gave him the answers to the questions he sought when he started out and the meaning of the faulty turns and blind alleys fumbling and chance discoveries he made in his trip.Walt Whitmans Song of the Open Road from his Leaves of Grass collection was a reinforcement of the enriching lessons that came along to Least Heat Moon in his travels. Whitmans verses spoke from the past to Least Heat Moons pre sent. Despite the distance he had cover Least Heat Moons journey is not finished, because he discovered that a true journey has no end. Works Cited Least Heat Moon, W. (1982). A Journey into America. Blue Highways. An Atlantic Monthly Press Book. Little, Brown & Company. Boston/Toronto.

Dissertation Research Proposal

Dissertation re look proposal Table of contents Introduction 1- Problem definition/statement 2-Research goals 3-Research objectives 4-Research guess 5-Dissertation organization Chapter iodin Literature review Chapter two Research methodology -Introduction 1. Recipients of the look into 2. Justification of the seek 3. Research Methodology 3. 1. Research line of work vault of heaven 3. 2. Research question 3. 3. Research objectives 3. 4. Research hypothesis 3. 5. Research design 3. 5. 1. Research philosophy 3. 5. 2. Research cook out 5. 3. 3. Research strategy 3. 5. 3. 1. Survey schema 3. 5. 4.Research method plectron 3. 5. 5. Time horizon 3. 6. Population and Sample 4. selective in imprintation collection, editing, and bef every(prenominal)ings 4. 1. Date collection 4. 2. info editing 4. 3. Data coding 4. 4. Limitation -Bibliography Appendices - discourse system -Time management - turn upline content of literature review -Email for call into question -Email for question naire -Introduction This section outlines the basis of the thesis. In the first chapter the researcher informs the choice of the narrative and the issues. In the second, the researcher allow describe the methodology used during the research swear out 1-Recipients of the researchThe primary recipients of this thesis are The Dublin stock School in Dublin Through Mr. Gary Bernie, my dissertation supervisor For fulfilment of the MA Marketing 2. Justification of the research 2. 1. Interest for the subject concord to Saunders et al (201229) one of attributes of a good research topic is that the researcher should be extremely affaireed and fascinated intimately the topic 2. 2Academic background The researcher has graduated 2 old age ago with a permission in Humanitarian Science and a signifi push asidet side of the science was slightly the ethical motive and its positive role on people and communities . 3. Personal background The researcher has a strong interest in merchandi se ethics as he plans a career in this environment. So he has the motivating to proceed with this paper to conclusion. About the resources, the researcher has access to an Irish environment people, communication, companies. The researcher is working part- epoch, so he has a whippy time to yield on his research The first chapter Literature review It is my belief that good merchandise is respectable selling. Good merchandising is about satisfying and developing a long relationship with our customers.Caring about your customers not exclusively results in profits, it is the honorable thing to do. Deceiving customers may help a firms profits in the short-run, but is not the way to build a successful business. Marylyn Carrigan,Lecturer, University of Birmingham, Department of Commerce, Birmingham, UK 1- Marketing ethics concepts and theories Business ethics definition Business ethics can be defined as a company of principles that guides business practices to reflect a associate for society as a whole while act profits, Nisberg, 1988 (cited from Maureen Kilcullen, Judith Ohles Kooistra, (1999)The shame side of marketing Of all the management fields, marketing is probably that which seems the nearly Contradictable when it comes to honourable aspect. As Smith and Quelch (1993, p. 188) suggest that some of the most rudimentary concepts in marketing, when looked at Afresh, raise important ethical issues (cited from Klein doubting Thomas, 2011) According to Marylyn Carrigan, et al (2005) In later years marketing thought has focused upon the subject of marketing ethics, and in the 1980s on that point was a flurry of body process by marketing scholars who attempted to evaluate conceptually the nature and role of marketing ethics. more(prenominal)over, Carrigan (2005) gave more examples of scholars discussed the issue, such(prenominal) as, Ferrell and Gresham (1985) developed their contingency framework to evaluate ethical decision-making in a marketing org anisation, Hunt and Chonko (1984) conducted their keep up on ethical dilemmas for marketing managers, and the ethical fusss scened by marketing researchers. Marketing ethics philosophy Ethical marketing is about whether firms marketing decision is morally right or wrong.The theology of the marketing decision can include any part of marketing from advertising to the pricing of ingathering or service, to the sourcing of raw materials. Like many authors, Beauchamp (1980) split the major(ip) philosophical trends in ethics into two categories the utilitarian approach and the deontological approach. In the utilitarian approach, the notion of ethics is related to the consequences of an action. According to this approach, the manager will attempt to produce the greatest possible amount of positive value or the smallest possible amount of proscribe value for the consumers affected.In the other side, the deontological approach, based on the work of the philosopher Emmanuel Kant, this a pproach does not consider so much the consequences of an act, but succumbs a lot of intention to the manner in which the act is performed (cited from Jacques Nantel et al, 1996). Definition is the problem According to Peter Drucker (1973) marketing is a discipline which provokes much debate. Very often, this controversy is linked to a lack of understanding of what the actual definition of marketing is. unrivalled definition of marketing, very often used is Marketing is human activity directed at satisfying deficiencys and wants through exchange process Kotler and Turner, 1981(cited from Jacques Nantel et al 1996) Jacques Nantel et al (1996) suggests that The most striking feature of this definition is its almost entirely utilitarian aspect, If we apply foundations of the utilitarian approach in ethics, one knows that an action is only ethical if it maximizes the positive consequences for the greatest number of people while at the same time minimizing negative consequences to the s mallest number.An interesting case is that of sugar On the one hand, it is true that sugar is a product which moves to a gustatory need, but what about its medical and dental effect. Jacques Nantel et al (1996) states that In order to extend some(prenominal) the range and the degree of marketing ethics, several authors (Fraedrichet al. , 1991 Laczniak and Murphy, 1985 Martin, 1985) have suggested that we dash into account not only the utilitarian criterion which is satisfaction but too the way of life used to invite this satisfaction.Suggesting a solution towards this issue Jacques Nantel states that marketing, by its very definition, is principally grounded on a utilitarian approach to ethics but that managers could to a fault develop a deontological approach to marketing. The reason for this development that the consumer is no longer merely concerned with the satisfaction curbed from a product or service, but too with the way in which this product or service is obtained.Co nsider, for example, the boycotting of certain products (Canadian paper products by German consumer. According to Jacques Nantel points out there is much reason to recollect that the marketing function will turn towards a deontological approach for the simple reason that, Today there is a more concerted attack from well-organised activists in the form of protest groups such as Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth or the UK Consumers Association.The Internet has opened up a route for internationalist groups of consumers and interested bodies to co-ordinate their activity globally, and this can be seen in Web sites such as www. saigon. com/nike, the homepage of the Boycott Nike campaign, or www. mcspotlight. org the homepage of the McDonalds boycott. In receipt, large organisations that had previously believed themselves immune from such activity find themselves now having to defend themselves against their global critics on their own company Web sites. Marylyn Carrigan, Ahmad Attalla, 2001) The researcher does not see a major difference between the suggestions was produced by Fraedrich, Laczniak and Murphy (the code of ethics) and Jacquess notion, both of them are concerned regarding the means, the means should be as ethical as the aim, but the question which will be appearing and rising, who will determine these means, is it the marketing or the consumer or the law, who will judge these means by saying there are ethical or not. 2-The negative effect on marketing for ignoring the safety, health, and the environmental standards in children soft drinks Your brand is your lifebloodIf we foul up with consumers, we do our industry considerable victimize. If you put out unsafe products you will be found out, somebody will get hurt, and you will get a massively bad reputation. If you openly exploit children and you betray children, you will be found out. We go over and above to make sure that our products are built, manufactured in the right way, because if we dont, we lose forty or fifty years of all the hard work that weve built up in actually establishing these brands, because they are our lifeblood.We dont do anything that would leave us open to suspicion, because it is not worth it we dont need to operate that way. Weve built our reputation on doing things the right way, so we dont do anything by the back door Stephen Hogan (2007) -Marketing ethics or pay the price There is examine that companies do suffer commercially from boycotts, Shell were estimated to have lost between 20 per cent and 50 per cent of their gross revenue during the Brent Spar boycott (Klein, 2000), and the Nestle boycott is said to have cost the firm $40 million (Nelson-Horchler, 1984).Gelb (1995) argues the power of consumer boycotts is increasing. . It has also been found that 44 per cent of the British public have boycotted a product for ethical reasons in the last 12 months (Mason, 2000). Marylyn Carrigan, Ahmad Attalla, (2001) Marketers are encouraged to behave i n an ethical manner because information about a firms ethical behaviours is thought to influence product sales and consumers image of the company (Mascarenhas, 1995). A novel MORI poll commissioned by the Co-operative Bank in the UK suggests that one-third of consumers are seriously concerned with ethical issues (Mason, 2000).Within the past year, over half had bought a product or recommended a company on the basis of its ethical reputation. Smith (1995)argues that we are now living in the ethics era, whereby societys expectations of marketers have changed and we face challenges to basic marketing assumptions. Consumers are better informed, more educated and awareness is greater of consumer rights and product requirements at least in western society. Legislation has also played a part in raising consumer expectations of marketing behaviour used at the prospect of such uncharted territory -Marketing ethics or you loss long-term prospectsTwo Studies of scientific literature showed th at ethics in the Marketing system is very important and in order to ensure good long-term prospects of the organization, it is necessary to defend a high level of organizational moral. Ethical decisions stimulate public self-assertion and allow creating a favourable image of the organization, to maintain good relationship with market partners they also increase competitiveness and the effectiveness of the marketing program (Vysniauskiene, V. Kundrotas (1999) -Four reasons to join marketing ethics Stanton, M.J. Etzel, B. J. Walker pointed out four-spot main reasons Why marketing specialists must behave ethically First reason is that ethical marketing may help to increase a declining avow of society. Marketing prestige in the eyes of many people is down. Doubtful activities that are periodically made public also add to problematic issues of consumers. disrespect its manifestation only in a small marketing overlap, reputation of all marketing specialists does suffer. So, it is ve ry important to business leaders to demonstrate ethical responsibility assuredly.Second reason, why marketing specialists must behave ethically is that such behaviour may allow bypassing an increasing regulation of the Government. Apathy, resistance or evidence of unethical behaviour in business Directly increases a possibility of the Governmental regulation. Third reason ethical marketing helps to regain public confidence Fourth reason, ethical behaviour allows organizations to preserve their image. The second chapter The research Methodology -Introduction 1-Recipients of the research The primary recipients of this thesis are The Dublin Business School in Dublin Through Mr.Gary Bernie, my dissertation supervisor For fulfilment of the MA Marketing 2. Justification of the research 2. 1. Interest for the subject According to Saunders et al (201229) one of attributes of a good research topic is that the researcher should be extremely interested and fascinated about the topic 2. 2Academ ic background The researcher has graduated 2 years ago with a Licence in Humanitarian Science and a significant side of the science was about the ethics and its positive role on people and communities 2. 3. Personal background The researcher has a strong interest in marketing ethics as he plans a career in this environment.So he has the motivation to proceed with this paper to conclusion. About the resources, the researcher has access to an Irish environment people, communication, companies. The researcher is working part-time, so he has a flexible time to carry on his research 3. Research Methodology 3. 1 Research problem area Kumar (201148) argues that drawing up research problem is the most critical part of the research process, and the reason for this is because the quality and relevance of research rely on it The topic of the thesis has been chosen according to Saunderss guidelines.According Saunders, et al (201228) attributes of a good research topic should -Fulfil your examin ers requirements -Something you are able to deal with and enhance your creativity develop your research skills The researcher should retain enough time, money, and resources for proceeding -Be able to link his topic to academic theories -Have access to information he needs The research problem area of this dissertation is about two main subjects Marketing ethics n children soft drink The negative effect on marketing for ignoring Health, safety, and environmental standards The major goal is to development and analysis the negative side on marketing for ignoring safety, health, and environmental standards in children soft drink and how marketing should response to this ethical issue. 3. 2. Research question Saunders et al (201240) argues the researcher should developed slang conclusion from the entropy he gathered so that he can introduce research question. The question must be involved enough so that can generate the required standards of the project The research question for this dissertation isTo what degree ignoring health, safety, and environmental standards in children soft drinks affecting the Marketing, and how Marketing should response to this ethical issue? 3. 3. Research objectives Kumar (2011) declares that the main objective is a general statement of the study and statement of the main associations and relations that you search to find and track down. The sub objective is the certain parts of the topic that you want explore in spite of appearance the main framework of your study. According to Saunders (2012) writing utilitarian research objectives requires -Transparency the meaning of the objectives is clear Specificity (the aim of the objectives is clear and understood Relevancy the objectives linked to the research questions) Interconnectivity objectives explain the research process from the beginning to the conclusion answerability the result of the research is achievable Measurability the aim of the research objective will be clear when it is achieved The general objectives are -To measure the level of negative effectiveness of ignoring marketing ethics in children soft drink -To define marketing ethics -To understand marketing ethics To explore how consumer react towards the ethical marketing issues -To determine if the marketing has responsibility in this ethical issue or not -To explain how marketing professionals should respond to tackle this ethical problem -To determine the advantages of applying ethics in marketing ethics The individualised objectives are * To need how to set up a Master Level Dissertation * To learn more about marketing ethics and health and health and safety in children soft drink * To learn how to set up an interview * To alter the researcher knowledge regarding Qualitative and quantitative research * To validate the dissertation . 4. Research hypothesis According to Grinnell (1988200) A hypothesis is written in such a written in certain way that can be proven or disproven by val id and reliable data- it is in order to obtain these data that we perform our study (cited from Kumar 201183) Kumar (2011) also defined couple of considerations to keep in mind when constructing a hypothesis * A hypothesis should be simple, specific, and clear * A hypothesis should be capable of verification * A hypothesis should be related to the existing body of knowledge * A hypothesis should be operationalisable it can be expressed in terms that can be measuredFigure one the process of testing Hypothesis Source Kumar (2011) Research Methodology phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 FormulateYour hunch or assumption Collect the requireData AnalysisData toDraw conclusion about that hunch- true or false The hypotheses set up for this dissertation are H1 Ethical marketing is about whether firms marketing decision is morally right or wrong H2 Marketing ethics is importantly rising within marketing organization H3 Marketing ethics is facing serious problemsH4 Ignoring marketing ethics wi ll have negative effect and damage on marketing H5 Taking care of marketing ethics would lead to positive impact on the marketing H6 The numbers of consumers who have some concern about the negative consequences of marketing are increasing 3. 5. Research design Saunders et al, (2012159) describes the research design as the general plan of how the researcher will go about answering your research questions. Saunders et al, (2012) pointed out three types of research design * Exploratory studies Descriptive studies * Explanatory studies For my dissertation, it will be used two types of research design exploratory and Descriptive Exploratory studies is valuable mean to ask open questions to discover what is happening, also it is useful if you wish to clarify your understanding of problem. One of its advantages that it is fixable and adaptable to change Descriptive studies the object of this study is to gain an accurate profile of events, persons or situations (Saunders2012) 3. 5. 1 Resea rch philosophyAccording to Saunders (2012) there are three major ways of thinking about research philosophy * Epistemology positivism-realism-interpretivism * Ontology Objectivism-subjectivism * Axiology The research philosophies have been chosen for this research positivism. According to Gill and keisterson (2010) if your research philosophy reflects positivism thusly you prefer collecting data about an observation reality and search for regularities and casual relationships in your data to create generalizations like those produced by scientists (cited from Saunders, 2012) 3. 5. Research approach According to Saunders (2012) there are three types of research approach The deductive approach It is a dominant research approach in the natural science, a supposition and hypothesis are developed and a research strategy Designed to test the hypothesis Blaikie (2010) lists six steps of the approachs process 1- Put forward a hypothesis or set of hypotheses to form a theory 2- By using e xisting literature, deduce a testable suggestion 3- Examine the logic of the argument, compare the argument with existing theories to notice any advanced understanding.If it does, then continue 4- Test the logic by collecting arrogate data to measure the concepts and analysing it 5- If the result of the analysis is not consistent with the premises, and then the theory is false 6- If the result of the analysis is consistent with the premises then the theory is corroborated (cited from Saunders, 2012145) -The inductive approach The abductive approach For this project, the best approach is the deductive approach because the researcher uses existing theories and models to find data in order to check his hypotheses and explain the different phenomenon . 5. 3 Research strategy According to Saunders (2012) the key to your choice of research strategy is that you have to achieve a reasonable level of viscidity through your research design which will enable you answer your research questi ons and meet your objectives. Moreover, Saunders describes eight types of research strategies Experiment Survey Archival Research cocktail dress Study Ethnography Action Research Grounded Theory Narrative Inquiry For this project, the researcher will combined two different strategies a survey strategy and hearing 3. 5. 3. 1. Survey StrategyAccording to Saunders et al (2012) Survey using questionnaires is popular. Survey strategy allows you to collect quantitative data which you can analyse using descriptive and inferential statistics. Also can suggest possible reasons for accompaniment relationships between variables and produce models of these relationships. According to Burns et al (2006) there are five advantages of Survey Surveys add for standardization Easy to administer Help to uncover unseen data Easy to analyse Reveal subgroup differences For this research, the questionnaire will be administered in person.Saunders et al (2012) say that Survey is used for ex ploratory and descriptive research. In this project, the questionnaire will be administered to adult population (over 18) for knowing the level of negative effect on marketing for ignoring health, safety, and environmental standards in children soft drink, and what marketing should response to this ethical issue Saunders (2012) mentioned some advantages of using survey strategy gives more control over the research process Low cost Data collected is less wide-ranging Limited questions number Allowing easy comparison Easy to explain and understand 3. 5. 3. 2. InterviewAccording to Saunders (2012) there are three categories of interview -structured interview, identical set of questions (standardised) -semi-structured interviews interviews are non-standardised, the researcher will have a list of storys and some key questions to be cover -unstructured interviews you use it to explore in depth a general area in which you are interested This researcher in this project will take non- standardised interview (semi-structured and unstructured interviews) According to King (2004) unstandardised interviews referred as qualitative research interviews (cited from Saunders 2012) The researcher will take face to face interview and one to one, in public places for consumers. 3. 5. 4 Research method choiceQuantitative method generally associated with positivism, and often used as a synonym for any data collection proficiency (such as questionnaire) or data analysis procedure (such as graphs or statistics) that generates or uses numerical data, Qualitative method generally associated with an interpretive, and often used as a synonym for any data collection technique (such as an interview) or data analysis procedure (such as categories data) that generates or uses non-numerical data According to Blumberg et al, (2008 218) in business research, qualitative as well as quantitative are appropriate for investigating business research problem What matters is not the choice betwee n quantitative and qualitative, but the quality of the research design and how well the study is conducted This research will take both research methods Qualitative Interview Quantitative Questionnaire 3. 5. 5Time horizonSaunders (2012) identified two types of time horizon, and emphasis that the researcher should ask himself Do I want my research to be at particular time? Or Do I want to be more related to dairy or events over a given period? -longitudinal the main potence of this research is its capacity to study change and development -cross-sectional studies The research will be the study of a certain phenomenon at a certain time. As this dissertation must be on restricted time, therefore, the time horizon will be cross-sectional study 3. 6. Population and Sample Saunders (2012) emphasise that it is unacceptable for you to collect or to analyse all data available to you owing to restriction of time, money, and access.Moreover S states that try techniques enable you to reduce t he amount of data you need to collect by considering only data from a subgroup rather than all possible elements According to Becker (1998) in selecting a sample to study, it should represent the full set of cases in a way that is meaningful and which we can justify (cited from Saunders 2012) the full set of cases from which a sample is taken is called the population According to Saunders (2012) we should not hold that collecting data from every group(census)data from entire population would be more useful than collecting data from sample which represent the entire population because sampling provides a valid alternative to a According to Kinnear et al, (1996) the advantage of sampling rather than conducting a census is Saving money Saving time More accurate information Avoiding the destruction of all element in the population According Teresa Brannick (1997) element refers to the subject in which we have a particular interest and population refers to the complete set of partic ular type of element 4. Data collection, editing, and findings The next step will be what to do with this information. How the information should be analysed, and proven. . 1. Data collection methods 4. 1. 1 Quantitative approach According to Saunders (2012458) questionnaire must identify the form and layout Pilot tested prior to their delivery -specify the information needed -the rigorousness and reliability of your data dependents on the design of your questions -consider the wording of individual questions -arrange the question in the proper order 4. 1. 2 Qualitative approach In- depth interview According to Saunders (2012) the interviewer must be -In proper appearance, -Use different types of questions, In good behaviour -Good listening -Record data accurately -Able to deal with difficult participant scene to summarise and understand -Open comments when the interview commences Interview advantages Flexibility. Control of the interview situation. High response rate. Inter view disadvantages Higher cost Interviewer bias Lack of anonymity 4. 2. Data editing Data have to be edited, especially when they relate to responses to open-ended questions of interviews and questionnaires. In other words, information that may have been noted by interviewer or researcher in a hurry must be clearly deciphered so that it may be coded systematically in its entire. Lack of pellucidness at this stage will result later in confusion Sekaran (2003) 4. 2. 1. QuestionnaireAccording to deVaus (2002) questionnaire is a method of data collection in which each person is asked to respond to the same set of questions in predetermine order (cited from Saunders, 2012) According to Malhotra et al (2006) questionnaire has three objectives -Translate the information needed to a set of questions Should be written to besmirch demands imposed on responders Should minimize response error Saunders stated that questionnaire is one of the most widely used data collection method within the survey strategy. He emphasise that questionnaire should has precise data so that can answer your question and achieve your objective. Moreover, he gave some guidelines in order to maximise your response rate -Carful design of individual questions -Clear and pleasing layout -Explanation of the purpose of the questionnaire -Pilot testing Carefully planned and executed delivery and return of -completed questionnaire The researcher followed recommendations from several authors in particular from Cooper (2003p456) to have the best data possible by examining answers of questions given to find, if some question were forgotten or half answered or illegibly 4. 2. 2. Semi-structured interview According to Kumar (2011) we must -Check the data is free from inconsistencies and incompleteness -Practice for interview Kumar (2011) prefers for editing data is to examine all responses given to all the questions by one respondent at a time The researcher will use an audio tape during interview as well as hand written notes to avoid problems of editing 4. 3. Data Coding According to cooper et al (2003) coding is the process of assigning numbers and other symbols to answers so we can classify them to categories.According to Saunders (2012) all data type should be recorded using numerical codes. This enables you to enter data quickly and with few errors. It also makes subsequent analyses. He recommended using existing coding scheme as they * Save time * Well tested * Allow comparison of your results with others These codes should be included on your data collection form as pre-set codes A code book as defined by Saunders is a complete list of all the codes used to code data variable. 4. 3. 1 Questionnaire Closed questions To analyze quantitative data Kumar (2011257) presented four steps -developing a code book -pre-testing the code book -coding the data verifying the code data Opened questions There are three ways proposed by Kumar (2011 256) to cope with the main theme found -To examine verbatim Reponses and integrate them with text of the report to either support or contradict the argument -to assign code to each theme and count how frequently each has occurred -to combine both methods to authorise findings The researcher combined methods to get the best information and to be more accurate and effective 4. 3. 2. Semi-structured interview Kumar (2011 278) explained the process as following -Identifying the main theme -assign cedes to the main theme -classify responses under the main theme Integrate themes and responses into the text of your report 4. 4. Limitation Qualitative research Quantitative research The references -Marketing research within a changing information, Hair Joseph et al, 2003) Research methods for business students, Mark saunders et al, London,2012 -Marketing research, Alvin c Burns et al, New Jersey, 2006 Basic Marketing research, Naresh K Malhotra et al, New Jersey, 2006 Marketing research, Thomas C Kinnear, U. S. A, 1996 Mark eting research, Kumar, Gorge, 2011, third edition, London, sage publication -business research methods, Boris Blumberg et al, 2008, Business research methods, Teresa brannick et al,1997,u. c. -research and writing dissertation, Colin fish, 2004,U. K -management research, Mark smith, 2008, London -Cross-Cultural Evaluation Laczniak, Gene R. , daybook of Public constitution Marketing, 07439156, Spring93, Vol. 12, Issue -http//www. learnmarketing. net/ethicalmarketing. htm Marketing to children, Sharon Beder, Citation Sharon Beder, New College Institute for Values Research, Sydney, 1998, pp. 101-111 American Market associationhttp//www. marketingpower. com/_layouts/Dictionary. aspx? dLetter=M The myth of the ethical consumer do ethics matter in purchase behaviour? Marylyn Carrigan, Ahmad Attalla, (2001) Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 18 Iss 7, pp. 60 578 -Marketing Ethics Onward Toward Greater Expectations. Laczniak, Gene R. Journal of Public Policy Marketing. Spring93, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p91-96. 6p. -Marketing ethics is there more to it than the utilitarian approach? Jacques Nantel William A. Weeks. European Journal of Marketing, Jan 1, 1996, Vol. 30, Issue 5 Paul Cowell, The Marketing Review, 2001, 2, 71-87 Marylyn Carrigan, Svetla Marinova, Isabelle Szmigin, (2005) Ethics and international marketing Research background and challenges, International Marketing Review, Vol. 22 Iss 5, pp. 481 493 - Twedt, Dik Warren. Journal of Marketing. Oct63, Vol. 27 Issue 4, p48-50. 3p. Children and business pluralistic ethics of marketers,Michelle Bergadaa, Faculty of Economic and loving Sciences, HEC University of Geneva, Geneva, Sharpen up your soft options. Batham, Matthew, Caterer Hotelkeeper 10/14/2004, Vol. 193 Issue 4345, p70-70, 1p, 1 Color Photograph -Business of ethics, Laura P. Hartman,2005, third edition. -Business of ethics, John Fraedrich, Linda Ferrell, 4 edition,2000. -Ethics and conduct of business, John R Boatright,2006,5edition -Business ethics, Andrew Crane, 2007, 2 edition. Appendixes Appendix1 Letter asking for an Interview Dear I am completing a master in Marketing with Dublin Business School and I am setting up a research. You are invited to participate in a research study.The purpose of this study is to understand the reactions of the customers towards the marketing for ignoring the safety and health in children soft drinks. I am asking you to help me by allowing an interview to discuss about this issue. I would like to share your opinions and ideas about the above subject the interview will take about 15 minutes. Could you please contact me or give another contact which could be able to answer my questions. Your participation is vital for the study, for my dissertation and for my graduation If you have any quiries please feel free to contact me on 0851229419 or by Email at emailprotected com I hope to hear from you soon Thank you for taking time to help Fawzi alshike 9 drinaghmore court Ballyogan Appendix 2 A letter asking to fill the questionnaire Dear allI am completing a master in Marketing with Dublin Business School and I am setting up a research. You are invited to participate in a research study. The purpose of this study is to understand the reactions of the customers towards the marketing for ignoring the safety and health in children soft drinks. So I am asking for your help in completing the enclosed questionnaires which is part of my research. Your response is important in enabling me to obtain as full as understanding as possible of this topical issue. The questionnaire should only take about 5 minutes to complete. Please ensure the questions in the space provided. If you want to add further comments, please feel free to do so.Your participation is vital for the study, for my research and for my graduation. Please send me back the questionnaire to my personal Email. Pleas fill out the questionnaire by the 20 of this month. Thank you for taking time to help me. Fawzi alshik e emailprotected com Appendix 3 Outline of my literature review 1- The marketing ethics concepts and theories 2- The negative side on marketing for ignoring the health and safety in children soft drink Appendix 4 Timetable management 1 their opinion about the health and safety in children soft drink 3- is marketing responsible for this ethical issue 4- -what should marketing do to tackle the problem

Global Warming Essay

It is virtuallytimes unbelievable that science discoveries are being disproved despite scientific evidences. This action is a manifestation of political influence over a matter of facts about climate science according to some analysts. However, disbelieving will result in too much danger because integrity is truth it will exist and will manifest itself regardless of forgiving efforts. In the case of Galileo who made a theory that the sun stands still while the humanity and other planet revolve around the sun had caused his liberty and life.This is because his theory was against Catholic belief. Politicizing then would mean full intervention and manipulation of people in authority to dispute or reject something as a means of protecting their interest or institutions. Galileo had some discoveries during his time except n integrity of them were recognized. If Galileos early discoveries were acknowledged perhaps the science today was even more advanced compared today. However, the danger of refuting science and what it holds as truth is currently done on climate science known as ball-shaped change.Many scientists gave warning about the possible consequences of greenhouse assembles in the rules of order but some view it as unrealistic that brings disaster causing irregularities and hazards in the economy. For instance, Coleman (2009) stated that people are already enduring the CO2 silliness in many ways in which he pointed to prohibition of new refineries to operate, and the conversion of sources of energy is very costly. Some even claim that climate change brings positive effect in the environment.Oreskes noted that scientific community has substantive disagreement about the reality of anthropogenic climate change and that the claim of IPCC regarding world-wide warming was not totally recognized by politicians, economists, and journalists for confusion. A senator named instrument panel, a coauthor of Revelle in an article about the spherical warming, turned his back to recognize that everything about global warming was just too uncertain to justify drastic action (Sheppard, 2006).Politicizing the global warming issue is also evident in the libel beseem filed against Lancaster for pressuring Singer to drop the name of Revelle as co-author in a global warming anthology. This case revealed a secret agreement between Lancaster and Gore who wanted to politicize what could be resolved by science (Sheppard, 2006). The CFAT report stated also that around 18,000 scientists claimed that they see no scientific evidence that human is altering our climate. These scientists discredit the predictions of previously claimed effects of global warming by 2025 or 2050.What role do facts unravel in the modern global warming drama? It is definite that what science refers to as facts are proven true based on scientific investigation and studies. Likewise, these facts have special role to play in the modern global warming drama in such a way that pr edictions made in the past are now popular causing changes in the climate. This environment condition has moved many government and international leaders to act to prevent the rapid effects of global warming. As a consequence, many suggested the replacement for fuel fossil and other sources of energy.Instead, many scientists recommend corn and biochemical for fuel solar and wind energy for electricity. The facts pertaining to what causes global warming, its effects in the environment, the human activity, etc. only prove that global warming is true and it poses danger not only in the environment but most importantly in the human body. However, opposition to this make counterattack against global warming but, to their dismay still majority believe the facts about global warming and climate change because of reliable scientific explanations that is if there will be no manipulation from political group.At what point does science brook its independence and ability to rely on critical thinking, and is this dangerous? Science loses its independence when its discovery is refuted and manipulated by known and respected people in the society like government official. In the case of Galileo, his opponents to his view were religious leaders who used their authority to denounce him from Catholic faith. Galileo renounced his first statement and bound to heed the Catholic law.Politicizing of sciences issues loses its credibility because political intervention and manipulation is being allowed to control its content and its publication. Because of this, science lost its savor and credibility and most importantly it loses its belong as knowledge provider necessary for people to enjoy his environment. The claim that climate change is a natural occurrence, while global warming does not post danger, which is not facts, only limits the function of science to society in some aspects alone. Because of this, many scientists will no longer rely on their critical analysis for fear of manipulation.Primarily, politicizing is done to serve the interest of a few but will not generate benefits to all, which is very dangerous because no one could escape when there is extreme weather condition or natural disaster due to changes in climate brought by too much fondness on the atmosphere. Reference Coleman, J. (2009). The Amazing Story Behind the Global Warming Scam. Kusi News San Diego. http//www. kusi. com/weather/colemanscorner/38574742. hypertext mark-up language CFACT (2004). scientific Questions, Ethical Concerns Missing in at presents Debate over Climate Change. http//www. cfact. org/site/view_article. asp? idCategory=4&idarticle=436Halsall, P. (1999). Modern History Sourcebook The Crime of Galileo Indictment and Abjuration of 1633. http//www. fordham. edu/halsall/mod/1630galileo. html Oreskes, N. (2009). The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change. Essay Beyond the Ivory Tower. http//www. sciencemag. org/cgi/reprint/306/5702/1686. pdf Sheppard, M. (2006). Gor es Grave New World. American Thinker. http//www. americanthinker. com/printpage/? url=http//www. americanthinker. com/2006/06/gores_grave_new_world. html http//www. americanthinker. com/printpage/? url=http//www. americanthinker. com/2006/06/gores_grave_new_world. html

Native American Genocide Essay

In this paper, I will argue that the act of genocide as here defined, has been committed by the coupled States of America, upon the tribes and cultures of autochthonal Americans, done mass indoctrination of its youths. Primary support will be drawn from Jorge Noriegas work, American Indian Education in the United States. The paper will past culminate with my personal views on the subject, with ideas of if and how the United States might make reparations to its victims.In lieu of the well known and brutal Indian Wars, there is a gist of cultural destruction of Native Americans, which began no later than 1611. This method was one of indoctrination. Methods included the forced removal of children from their cultural milieu and enrollment of these children in educational programs, which were intended to instill to a greater extent European beliefs. As the United States was not formally a Nation, until 1776, it would not be fair to use demonstrate, forrader this twelvemonth in bu ilding a case against it.The most damaging, to the United States, are parcels of evidence that are drawn from events after 1948, the year of the Convention on Genocide. scratch line in 1778, the United States Board of War, a product of the Continental Congress appropriated grants for the purpose of, the maintenance of Indian students at Dartmouth College and the College of New Jersey? The young mint who had returned from the schools are described by Seneca leader, Cornplanter as, ?ignorant of every means of living in the Woods, unable to bear either Cold or Hunger, they knew neither how to build a Cabin, take a Deer, or kill an Enemy, they spoke our Language imperfectly, were therefore neither fit for Hunters, Warriors, nor Counselors they were totally good for nothing (Noriega, 376). Grants given to otherwise schools was just the beginning. In 1820, the United States make plans for a large scale system of boarding and day schools Noriega, 377).These schools were given the missio n to, instruct its students in letters, comprehend and mechanical arts, and morals and Christianity training many Indian leaders Noriega, 378). In the case of boarding schools, Native American children would be forcibly stripped from their homes as aboriginal as five years old. They would then live sequestered from their families and cultures until the age of seventeen or eighteen (Noriega, 381). In 1886, it was decided, by the United States federal political science that Native American tribal groups would no longer be treated as indigenous national organisations. The decision was made, not by the conjoint efforts of the Native American tribes and Congress but, by the powers that be the United States Legal System. This self-ordained power allowed Congress to pass a variety of other laws, directed towards, assimilating, Native Americans, so that they would become a part of mainstream white America (Robbins, 90) By this time the United States Government, had been funding over a do zen distinct agencies, to provide authorisation education to all native children aged six through sixteen.Enrollment was implemented through leverage given by the 1887 General Allotment Act, which made Natives dependent on the Government for Annuities and Rations (Noriega, 382). The practice of indigenous religions by these students was prohibited (Noriega, 380). Students were compelled to undergo daily instruction in Christianity. In addition, only the use of position was accepted within these schools. The food was not sufficiiently nourishing? health supervision was generally neglected? A sincere effort was made to develop the fount of school that would destroy tribal ways (Noriega, 382).While being held captive at these schools, the students were forced to learn an idealism completely foreign to them. They would study histories, which had no significance to there lives. The books talk to him the student of a world which in no way reminds him of his own, (Noriega, ). This is e xactly how the students must have felt as if they were in another(prenominal) world. To compound the torture, the students at these institutions were forced to work as maintainers and farmers in order provide for the continued existence of the very establishments, which were destroying them.The methods of forced labor were considered, by the educators to be a means of developing the native character, and as a way of financing further expansion of the system itself (Noriega, 379). The rigid military style enforced by the schools contributed to the assimilation of the Native Americans culture. The students began to not only think white but also to, work white (Noriega, 384). To this point, I have provided enough evidence to make a hypocrite of the United States.However, it is my intent to prove that the United States has performed a criminal act under International law. I will do so by describing genocidal acts committed well after the time of the convention on genocide. The governme nt activity was not satisfied with only educating the Native American youths, they wished to institute their victims as a virus, a medium through which to hurry along a calculated process of sociocultural decay (Noriega, 379). They turned their victims into witless traitors scatter their insipid ideas, and fracturing the cultural infrastructure.The apotheosis of this implantation project is clearly delineated in The Indian Self-Determination and Educational Assistance Act of 1975. In this act, the United States Government declared that educated Native Americans should be used to staff the various programs aimed at them by federal policy makers (Noriega, 356). These are the same programs which, the government has always viewed as the ideal vehicles by which to condition Native Americans to accept the values, and thus the domination of Euroamerica (Noriega, 387).Through the implementation of this act, nothing really changed? the curriculum taught in Indian schools remained exactly t he same, reaching exactly the same conclusions, indoctrinating children with exactly the same values as when the schools were staffed entirely by white people (Noriega, 387). In this way, the government attempted to mask the face of evil with one of familiar physical origin. It is a classic story of a wolf in sheeps clothing. These red acts have not ended, even with the convention on genocide. Indeed, the United States is guilty of committing a law, which it has promised to not only abide by, but also, to help enforce.Does this represent the Mainstream American Culture we so want to instill into the minds of Native Americans? We should begin taking a look at our own culture and worrying about its problems, before we start thinking about spreading it like a dreaded disease. The fact that Native Americans have arrived at this point with any of its culture go forth intact, is an astonishing feet in itself. It shows a character, which is ostensibly lacking, or at least not shown, wit hin the European and American cultures. Perhaps the United States should be more the pupil than the pedagogue.

Labor union trend

I would begin this paper with a definition of what tug union is. According to my source, MSN Encarta, a labor union is an association of scaters that seeks to improve the economic and social well-being of its members through group action. Basically, labor union is a group formed by workers to protect their rights and interests from the company from which they are a part. Of course the demand a union whitethorn ask may start out from one company to another. However, some of the usual line a union usually asks for its members includes provision of benefits for its members.So what does provision of benefits entail? From the word itself it aims to ensure benefits for its member. such benefits may include assurance against unemployment of an employee, health benefits in aspect of sickness, insurance for injury and the manage. In most countries, the state assures that the employees get such and such benefits. other common theme from different unions is their way of negotiating for a higher salary once they find the need to hasten a higher salary from before. The termination used for the said negotiation is collective bargaining. Another common term between unions is industrial action. In industrial action the workers may decide to plow strikes when the company they are in decides not to meet their demands.Moving on, in that respect is said to be two different and thus at odds views in terms of trade unions. The first one is restrictive and thus the only members they accept are those whose line of work or expertise is the same as theirs. The southward one aims to unite all workers to better the state of affairs on their working field. Of the two views I reckon that the second one is much likely to achieve their ends as compared to the first one.I said that because should a revolution be needed in order for matters to happen their way past they can win by numbers alone. However, I think that the first one is more likely to share stronger ties than the s econd one on the flat coat that since they are restrictive and accept only their own, thusly understanding each other would be no hard task. Surely since they share more things in common then each one is more likely to understand each others pain and the drive to pursue their goals would be more fiery than that of the second one.Now, unions may seem to be very common nowadays but for many years unions are considered illegal in most countries. However, through time, regardless of the efforts put upon by employers in order for union organizations to fail, the voice of the workers prevailed.There are many unions formed nationwide and the question to be asked is whether world-wide weighing machine union differs in anyway from that of national scale. As an answer, the American Federation of Labor (AFL), founded by Samuel Gompers, aims to form a pure and simple unionism that gives choice importance to collective bargaining in order to reach their goals. The AFL is an example of a un ion in a nationwide scale. Now, union structures, politics and the like vary from one country to another. Unions may be organized into three kinds, craft unionism, general unionism, and industrial unionism.The said unions are usually separated into locals and then they would eventually be fused together into national federations. The said federations would then join the forces of international unions like the International Union Trade Confederation. I think one difference unions in national scale may have from those of international scale is that the demands of the unions in the national scale, though not completely resembling in every way to that of other unions within a certain country, their differences is not so far-off to the point the they would fail to meet in the middle. Unions on the international scale on the other hand could be very different from country to country that the hope to reach a compromise may not be possible.For example, in Germany the only form of union whi ch they consider to be legal are open shop unions wherein such is not the case on other countries. As another example, unions in the United States, unlike from other countries, gives primary importance for collective bargaining to better their salary or even to represent members of their unions should the management decides to violate one of their rights. On other countries the focus of their unions is different from that of the United States. However there are still global trade unions that aim to bridge the gap of different unions from one country to another, such unions is World Federation of Trade Unions.I think that the major piece unions play in our society today is to protect the right of the workers. Unions assure that the workers are not cheated out of their salary, benefits and the like. I think it is a good thing that the workers decided to get together to get what is their due.Having successful unions on our society today made me think about the line Marx used decades a go, all workers unite, you have nothing to lose but your chains. Surely, what Marx said held true to our society today. And though the Marxists goal is not entirely complete I can aver that at least some of their goal came into being such as the getting together of workers which can be seen in different kind of unions nowadays.However, there are still criticisms thrown upon labor unions. Some critics claim that the aim of unions is simply to benefit the workers inside the company even at the expense of the noncitizen workers, consumers, and the stockholders. These critics argue that unions put those who are unemployed more unlikely to get a job. As for my opinion, I believe that there is some truth in what these critics have in mind. However, such things could be resolved by peaceful talks regarding the things both parties supports.I also believe that the government can address such problems such as unemployment by assuring that every citizen gets employed without any discriminatio n. As to the fact that there are workers who cannot get the line of work they want then I say that such things are facts of life. Nobody really gets what s/he wants every time. I believe that if one kit and caboodle hard for that thing s/he wants then eventually s/he would be able to attain his or her goal. Thus, they should keep the blame apart from labor unions regarding things of that sort.Referencehttp//www.socialstudieshelp.comhttp//www.wikipedia.org

Linda Barry †Case Study Essay

Linda Barry, a single mother with 3 children, was hired as an graze-entry salesclerk for a trucking firm. Her first 2 weeks on the job were spent in a excess class from 8am-4pm, where she learned how to sort, code and enter the orders on the computer, as instructor with her constantly at first, and therefore less frequently as she gained knowledge, skills and confidence.Linda was happy to have the job and enjoyed her flex register. When the training was completed, she was told to report to the order entry department the following Monday. When she was first employed, either Linda failed to read and understand the printed information about her habitue work schedule or perhaps the recruiter forgot to tell her that she was to fill a spot in a special shift that worked from 4am till noon.In any case, Linda failed to report to work on the early schedule on the first day of regular work. When she did arrive at 8am, her supervisor criticized her for lack of responsibility. Barry respo nded by grammatical construction that she could not work at the early shift because she had to prepare her children for school, and she threatened to resign if she could not work on the later shift because of a heavy work load and a difficult assiduity market, the supervisor needed Linda to do the job yet no room for her in the 8am-4pm shift.QUESTIONS1. Analyze the communication blockages in this case. Discuss what ideas of communication, listening, realistic job previews, feedbacks and interference it has.2. Explain how you would handle the employment situation at the end of the case. What ideas could be applied to help solve the problem?

Carribean Internet Cafe

Assignment 1 Caribbean Intern Cafe Date November 14, 2012 1. There be many issues that Mr. soften should consider before proceeding with the CIC. There are several things that Mr. Grant should adjudicate before however looking at the projections given to him. conglomeration capital is $2,250,000, $1,000,000 in investments and $1,250,000 in the underframe of a long-term contribute. $1,573,000 is immediately spent leaving $677,000. If he has no nodes, he push aside cave in to remain open for 3 months.As well, they are not attractive to individuals who seek to practise the mesh for longish periods of time and the customer base that they are attempting to attract is the more(prenominal) affluent and educated of the population. They are as well the most likely to either already own a computer or will be purchasing a computer in the near future. Mr. Grant must nourish a traffic broadcast that is either for the short-term or able to readily adapt to future circumstances as he expects private usage to increase in 3 categorys. Mr. Grant should also examine factors impertinent to his business.These issues include his mention of the relatively low demand for c attainee in Jamaica as well as changes in levels of private net income usage. His management plan should include contingencies to replace coffee if it is not fashioning a remuneration as well as plans for the computer area when future demands for Internet coffee bars start to decrease. A final issue that Mr. Grant should also examine is the terms of agreement for the long-term loan. If CIC is very profitable they may want to pay off the loan as apace as possible instead of incurring unnecessary interest. 2.The fit(p) be remain constant inside a relative range of finished products produced. The fixed be amount to an annual rate of $2,479,400 and the detect down of distributively(prenominal) fixed cost is shown in accessory 1. The fixed costs include the manager, employees, rent, surrou nd and utilities, link to Internet, insurance, advertising, interest on loan and miscellaneous administration and maintenance fees. The start up costs amount to a one-time fee of $1,573,000 and the breakdown of each cost is shown in appendage 2. It should be say that in all cases start-up costs were amortized in the first ear. The multivariate costs are those that are accrued on a per customer basis and are shown in Appendix 3. This amounts to a heavy second-rate Variable Cost of $104 per customer. 3. The costs of the first customer may be calculated by adding the fixed costs, start-up costs and variable costs for the first customer. The variable cost was calculated using a burden average of based on the estimated usage of the Internet. Assuming that the fixed costs are calculated on an annual basis and are set for the entire year then the cost for the first customer will be $4,052,504. . The contribution brink may be calculated for each customer as C/M = R VC. A weighted a verage was used because it is estimated that 40% of the customers will use the computer thitherby increasing variable profit by $60 ($120 taxation, $60 variable cost). A breakdown of the variable costs and revenue are shown in Appendix 4. The contribution perimeter is $144 per customer. 5. In order for the CIC to break even they must cover their fixed costs, variable costs and start-up costs. This stinker be solved using the formula B/E Pt. (Fixed cost + Start-up cost) / contribution delimitation B/E Pt. = (2479400 + 1,573,000) / 144 B/E Pt. = 28,142 Therefore, they will need to have 28,142 customers that at minimal meet their average consumption expectations of computer usage, food and beverages in order to reach their break even pointedness in the first year. 6. Using the same formula as question 5, except that there are no longer any start-up costs but fixed costs ($2479400) and contribution margin ($144) remain the same so Mr. Grant will require 17,219 customers in order t o reach his break-even point for the second year. . Based on the projected given to him we can calculated the expected contribution from each scenario (Table 1). Scenario Customers Net Contribution (RevenueVariable costs) Optimistic 50000 $7,200,000 realistic 24,000 $3,456,000 Pessimistic 12,000 $1,728,000 As Internet usage becomes more common competition will increase and his business plan will most likely have to be reviewed. Therefore, in the first three years Mr. Grant should expect to make a profound profit in these years for the project to be worthwhile.Projected net profits (losses) for each scenario are shown in Table 2. Scenario Year 1 ($) Year 2 ($) Year 3 ($) Total ($) Optimistic 3,147,600 4,720,600 4,720,600 12,588,800 Realistic (596,400) 976,600 976,600 1,356,800 Pessimistic (2,324,400) (751,400) (751,400) (3,827,200) Table 2 shows the net profit (loss) for the first 3 years based on each scenario. All start-up costs are paid for in full in the first year only. Based on this these scenarios Mr. Grant would have a very difficult decision to make.Firstly, the net profit does not take into account the $500,000 investments that were made by both Mr. Grant and JTL. Secondly, the terms of the long-term loan are not made clear nor did the negotiations include an amortization schedule. As well, a long-term plan has not been made based on expected increases in private Internet usage. Finally, the probability of each scenario being realized is a very important tool to determine the expected value of Mr. Grants decision. If each scenario is equally likely to occur than Mr.Grant will have an expected profit of $3,372,800. 01. Although simplistic, we can determine that the CIC has made an expected $1,122,800 in three years if the loan is fully paid off years and all investments are recuperated. If the CIC were to then dissolve, each investor would make a profit of $561,400 a pitch on investment rate of 28. 52% compounded annually as well as revenue generate d from sale of capital (excluded from further analysis for simplicities sake). In conclusion, based on the information available, unless Mr. Grant can find another investment hat will provide a greater return on investment than 28. 52% compounded annually for the next 3 years, he should give the CIC the green light. Appendices Appendix 1 Fixed Costs Expense Cost per year ($) Manager 480000 Rent 360000 Telephone and utilities 180000 affiliate to internet 120000 Insurance 120000 Advertising 120000 Employee Wage 374400 Misc. admin and maintenance 600000 Interest on loan 125000 Total 2479400 Appendix 2 Start-up Costs Expense Cost ($) Telephone and utilities 7,000 Advertising 20,000 Other up-front costs 120,000Equipment costs 1,426,000 Total 1,573,000 Appendix 3 Variable Costs Expense Cost ($ per customer) Food 50 Beverages 30 Internet Usage 60 Total Average Variable Cost* 104 *Calculated using a weighted average based on the assumption that 40% of customers will use the Internet for 1 hr Appendix 4 Variable Revenue Revenue Revenue ($ per customer) Food 60 Beverages 140 Internet Usage 120 Total Average Variable Revenue* 248 *Calculated using a weighted average based on the assumption that 40% of customers will use the Internet for 1 hour.

Describe Key Aspects of Public Health Strategies

P1-Describe key aspects of human beings health strategies There are m any different strategies developed by the governments to monitor and care for the health of its people. These strategies religious service the public to live a healthy lifestyle and lead towards the betterment of their health. Controlling communicable diseases The genetic Diseases Branch develops policy to help with the surve mischanceance, prevention, and control of communicable diseases. As well as advising the Government nigh individual diseases and immunisation.The branch also works to ensure the safety of donated blood supplies, to prepare disease outbreak plans, and to monitor disease levels elsewhere in the world. The prevention of infection includes, standards precautions such as Hand Hygiene, call of personal protective equipment (PPE) gloves, aprons, eye protection, face masks etc. Handle and dispose of sharps safely, Dispose of contaminated gas safely, managing blood and body fluids spillages etc , and Place patients with infections in appropriate accommodation.These are some prevention methods which could be use to control infections from spreading. Controlling communicable diseases is important to public based individuals in improving their health by keeping them away from spreading germs and illnesses. Also, the government and the local authorities as it is their job to ensure that the public is protected from such infectious diseases which are becoming a major of the illnesses. Promoting the health of the populationHealth- promoting activities to reduce ill health in the population. Health promotion is a process directed towards enabling people to egress action. Thus, health promotion is not something that is done on or to people it is done by, with and for people each as individuals or as groups. The purpose of this activity is to strengthen the skills and capabilities of individuals to take action and the capacity of groups or communities to act together to control o ver the matters of health so positive changes could be achieved.It is an essential outline which addresses the major health challenges faced by developing and developed nations, including communicable and non-communicable diseases and issues related to human evolution and health. This is important to the service users and the authorities as it helps in the betterment of their health through the promotion of conglomerate activities and guidelines for the public. It is essential to the government as they carry the responsibility to care for the public and protect them from any diseases or illnesses.As well as this is important to the authorities due to its being their responsibility to make headway health and commit their responsibilities towards the public. Developed programmes to reduce risk and promote covering Developed programme to reduce risk and promote book binding is a beneficial strategy used for the protection of the public so illnesses could be prevented from an pr imordial stage. So the risks of a developing disease are controlled beforehand. There are different screening programs for malignant neoplastic disease such as, the NHS breast screening programme, the NHS cervical screening programme and the NHS bowel screening programme.However, screening cannot endlessly prevent cancer but help in trying to reduce it by slowing it down. These screening programs are essential to the government and the authorities as it is their job to ensure that the public is protected from any major illnesses that increase the mortality and the morbidity rate. It has importance to the public as it assist them in having a better health and being able to protect themselves from death causing illnesses through using these screening programs.